Figure 9. H-1PV/VPA co-treatment leads to complete eradication of established AsPC-1 tumours.

Source data is available for this figure in the Supporting Information.

1. Tumour growth. Xenografts were established and animals treated as described in Materials and Methods Section. Average tumour values from eight animals are plotted with standard deviation bars.
2. Survival curves. Survival of the tumour-bearing rats treated as indicated was analysed using the method of Kaplan–Meier. Statistically significant differences in survival were found in co-treated animals, as compared to animals treated with a single agent (p = 0.0032 as calculated with the two-sided log-rank test adjusted for multiple testing with the Bonferroni method). Other results from the statistical analysis are shown in Supporting Information Table S2).
3. H-1PV/VPA co-treatment is associated with increased oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in treated tumours. Two rats of each group were sacrificed on day 27. Tumours were fixed, sectioned and examined by immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against 8-OH-dG (oxidative stress), γ-H2AX (DNA damage), NS1 (viral protein expression) and cleaved caspase-3/7 (apoptosis). Nuclei were visualized by DAPI staining.
4. The viral proteins NS1, VP1 and VP2 accumulate to higher levels in tumour samples from VPA co-treated animals. Viral protein expression in tumour samples from H-1PV or H-1PV/VPA treated animals was measured as described in Fig 8D.
5. VPA increases intratumoural H-1PV multiplication in vivo. Virus titers in tumour samples were determined as described in Fig 8E.