Table 1. Relative cost of change in fineness.

	Laminar		Transitional
f	α	α'	α	α'
1	10.5	1.60	33.8	5.15
2	6.24	0.95	13.5	2.06
3	4.11	0.63	4.74	0.72
4	2.85	0.43	1.71	0.26
5	2.04	0.31	0.57	0.09
6	1.51	0.23	0.09	0.01
7	1.15	0.17	−0.12	−0.02
8	0.89	0.14	−0.23	−0.03
9	0.70	0.11	−0.27	−0.04
10	0.56	0.09	−0.29	−0.04

Raw (α) and standardized (α') effects of fineness (f) on U _max for the laminar and transitional model of rigid-body drag. The coefficients are from a mechanistic and not regression model, and thus are truly causal (in the world of the model). The ρ aw coeffcients are the slopes of the curves in Fig. 3C, D at fineness 1–10. Except at f = 1, these approximately equal the percent increase in swimming speed given a unit increase in f. The standardized coefficients are standardized effect sizes represent the average change (or effect) in standard deviation units.