Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ear Hear. 2013 Jul;34(0 1):9S–16S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31829d5a14

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic representations of the human ear canal (modified from Stinson & Lawton 1989). (a) A schematic of an anatomically realistic ear canal with pinna, eardrum and malleus. (b) A uniform tube approximation of the ear canal. (c) An attempt to model the complex ear canal shape with a concatenation of uniform length sections in which the centers of each section are fit by the line labeled ‘X’. Note, the rapid expansion of the canal near the TM, the curvature, induce changes in the orientation of the different canal sections, and the local minimum in cross-section about half way down the tube length. (Reprinted with permission from Stinson, M.R., Lawton, B.W., Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85, 2493. Copyright (1989), Acoustical Society of America.)