TABLE 4.
Dietary intake of Amish and non-Amish female participants
| Mean (SD) |
Median |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intake | Amish (n = 66) | Non-Amish (n = 90) | Amish (n = 66) | Non-Amish (n = 90) | P value* |
| Energy and macronutrients | |||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1901 (695) | 1785 (618) | 1754 | 1620 | .59** |
| Total fat (g) | 83.5 (38.4) | 73.9 (38.9) | 82.2 | 62.3 | .17 |
| % kcal from fat | 38.7 (8.5) | 36.4 (9.9) | 39.2 | 35.6 | .14** |
| Total protein (g) | 66.5 (27.9) | 65.8 (25.3) | 65.9 | 62.7 | .48 |
| % kcal from protein | 14.0 (4.2) | 15.3 (5.1) | 13.7 | 14.5 | 11** |
| Total carbohydrates (g) | 229.4 (87.5) | 219.4 (87.4) | 212.5 | 204.7 | .60 |
| % kcal from carbohydrate | 49.2 (11.7) | 49.6 (11.5) | 49.1 | 49.1 | .87** |
| Lipids | |||||
| Saturated fat (g/day) | 35.8 (19.8) | 24.7 (14.5) | 31.6 | 19.3 | <.01 |
| % kcal from saturated fat | 16.3 (4.4) | 12.0 (4.0) | 15.9 | 11.3 | <.01** |
| Monounsaturated fat (g/day) | 28.6 (13.2) | 27.7 (15.3) | 28.8 | 24.2 | .49 |
| % kcal from monounsaturated fat | 13.3 (3.5) | 13.7 (4.2) | 13.5 | 13.6 | .48** |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g/day) | 12.3 (6.9) | 15.7 (9.9) | 10.7 | 13.6 | <.01 |
| % kcal from polyunsaturated fat | 5.9 (3.1) | 7.8 (3.9) | 5.2 | 6.8 | <.01** |
| Polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio | 0.40 (0.27) | 0.71 (0.4) | 0.34 | 0.59 | <.01 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (g/day) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.1 | 1.1 | .18 |
| Trans fatty acids (g/day) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.9 (3.1) | 4.3 | 4.4 | .06 |
| Carbohydrates, starches, and fiber | |||||
| Potatoes (serv/day) | 0.82 (1.1) | 0.76 (1.2) | 0.23 | 0 | .87 |
| Whole grain*** (serv/day) | 1.1 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.7 | 0 | <.05 |
| Refined carbohydrates*** (servings/day) | 2.6 (2.2) | 2.8 (2.1) | 2.2 | 2.5 | .18 |
| Total fiber (g/day) | 14.7 (6.2) | 15.5 (7.6) | 13.4 | 13.9 | .24 |
| Soluble fiber (g/day) | 4.3 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.2) | 4.3 | 4.0 | .28 |
| Insoluble fiber (g/day) | 10.2 (4.6) | 10.8 (5.8) | 9.7 | 9.2 | .28 |
| Soft drinks (8 fl oz serv/day) | 0.15 (0.35) | 0.83 (1.31) | 0 | 0 | <.01 |
| Fruits and vegetables (servings/day) | |||||
| Fruits | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.7) | 1.4 | 0.5 | .09 |
| Citrus fruits | 0.07 (0.35) | 0.10 (0.44) | 0 | 0 | .86 |
| Non-citrus fruits | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.1 | 0 | .07 |
| Vegetables | 1.0 (1.3) | 2.1 (2.0) | 0.5 | 1.5 | <.01 |
| Dark green vegetables | 0.02 (0.16) | 0.22 (0.62) | 0 | 0 | .01 |
| Deep yellow vegetables | 0.11 (0.28) | 0.22 (0.54) | 0 | 0 | .09 |
| Tomato | 0.19 (0.37) | 0.54 (1.0) | 0 | 0.1 | <.01 |
| Total fruits and vegetables | 2.6 (2.0) | 3.2 (2.8) | 2.2 | 2.6 | .13 |
| Milk and dairy (servings/day) | |||||
| All milk and dairy | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.2) | 2.2 | 2.6 | .13 |
| Low-fat/fat free milk and dairy | 0.18 (0.6) | 0.29 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | .02 |
| Meat (servings/day) | |||||
| Red meat | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.6 (3.0) | 0 | 0.03 | .41 |
| Poultry | 1.1 (2.2) | 1.4 (2.2) | 0 | 0 | .35 |
| Processed meat | 1.0 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.3 | 0 | .61 |
| Beef | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | .89 |
| Pork | 0.79 (1.5) | 0.88 (2.9) | 0 | 0 | .69 |
| Fish | 0.22 (1.1) | 0.16 (0.87) | 0 | 0 | .97 |
| Other food items (servings/day) | |||||
| Cakes/cookies/pies | 1.17 (1.24) | 0.70 (1.10) | 1 | 0 | .04 |
| Pickled foods | 0.50 (1.25) | 0.06 (0.20) | 0 | 0 | <.01 |
*
Adjusted for age, physical activity (total METS), and energy intake (kcal).
**
Adjusted for age and physical activity (total METS).
***
Flour, bread, crackers, pasta, cereal, snack bars.
Servings sizes are assigned to each food within NDSR based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans when available.