Fig. 1.

Co-cultures in 3D model to assess the effects of Th₁ cytokines and Her2Bi-armed ATC (aATC) on the development and regulatory activity of MDSC. PBMC were plated in matrigel at 1:10 (tumor cell/PBMC). aATC were added after a week of tumor cells and PBMC co-culture. Following 3–5 days of additional co-culture, matrigel was digested and single-cell suspension was harvested for phenotyping or separation of CD33⁺ cells to evaluate their functional properties. Culture supernatants were assessed for cytokine levels