Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by baseline antidepressant use in Seattle, WA 2005–2009
| Control | Diet | Exercise | Diet + Exercise | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Users (N=19) | Non-users (N=68) | Users (N=26) | Non-users (N=92) | Users (N=29) | Non-users (N=88) | Users (N=35) | Non-users (N=82) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 56.8 (4.4) | 57.6 (4.4) | 58.4 (6.1) | 58.0 (5.9) | 57.5 (5.5) | 58.3 (4.8) | 57.3 (3.4) | 58.4 (4.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 17 (89.5) | 57 (83.8) | 21 (80.8) | 80 (87.0) | 27 (93.1) | 71 (80.7) | 30 (85.7) | 70 (85.4) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||||
| College degree | 13 (68.4) | 46 (67.6) | 16 (61.5) | 60 (65.2) | 12 (41.4) | 58 (65.9) | 26 (74.3) | 56 (68.3) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||||||
| Married/living with a partner | 12 (63.2) | 47 (69.1) | 15 (57.7) | 64 (69.6) | 15 (57.7) | 51 (58.0) | 21 (60.0) | 49 (60.5) |
| Anthropometrics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.8 (3.9) | 30.7 (3.9) | 31.4 (3.4) | 30.9 (4.1) | 31.3 (4.4) | 30.5 (3.5) | 31.4 (4.0) | 30.8 (4.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 93.7 (9.7) | 95.2 (10.4) | 97.9 (10.3) | 93.7 (10.0) | 94.5 (10.4) | 95.2 (10.1) | 95.5 (10.3) | 92.9 (9.7) |
| Percent body fat, % | 48.0 (5.0) | 47.8 (4.4) | 47.5 (3.5) | 47.6 (4.6) | 47.9 (4.1) | 47.9 (4.2) | 49.3 (4.9)* | 47.4 (4.3) |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness, mL/kg/min | 23.0 (3.5) | 23.1 (4.3) | 22.8 (2.9) | 22.6 (4.0) | 22.5 (3.1) | 22.4 (4.4) | 22.5 (5.0) | 24.0 (3.7) |
| Biomarkers, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 96.4 (6.0) | 97.2 (8.9) | 96.9 (8.9) | 96.8 (8.6) | 95.4 (10.5) | 96.0 (7.2) | 95.2 (7.7) | 96.4 (7.8) |
| Insulin, mU/L | 12.7 (4.6) | 13.6 (6.9) | 14.3 (8.3) | 12.8 (8.9) | 13.9 (13.2) | 12.1 (5.4) | 11.7 (5.7) | 12.9 (9.6) |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.1) | 3.1 (2.3) | 3.4 (3.7) | 2.9 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.4) | 3.1 (2.5) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.61 (2.30) | 3.40 (3.80) | 5.15 (6.00) | 3.69 (3.28) | 4.29 (5.22) | 3.69 (3.39) | 3.05 (2.58) | 3.12 (2.70) |
| Exercise & Diet habits, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Physical activity, min/week | 14.6 (14.7) | 26.4 (45.7) | 25.9 (35.1) | 35.8 (48.0) | 49.1 (47.3) | 34.0 (42.1) | 23.3 (49.0) | 38.0 (42.2) |
| Physical activity, min/week, median (25th – 75th percentile) | 13.8 (0.0 – 23.0) | 1.4 (0.0 – 36.7) | 14.5 (0.0 – 55.1) | 13.8 (0.0 – 66.6) | 41.3 (9.2 – 76.9) | 25.2 (0.0 – 54.0) | 0.0 (0.0 – 23.0) | 23.0 (0.0 – 67.3) |
| Pedometer counts, steps/day | 5035 (2029) | 5765 (2403) | 5146 (2086) | 5652 (2302) | 5424 (2190) | 5886 (2111) | 6171 (2516) | 5903 (2354) |
| Daily calorie intake, kcal | 2158 (602) | 1945 (682) | 2084 (676) | 1831 (651) | 2022 (581) | 1974 (595) | 2027 (708) | 1830 (599) |
| % calorie intake from fat, % | 36.1 (5.8) | 35.4 (7.2) | 31.6 (5.6) | 33.5 (6.4) | 33.9 (6.7) | 33.5 (7.0) | 33.8 (5.7) | 36.0 (7.9) |
| Depression, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Depression symptoms | 50.6 (8.6) | 47.3 (9.0) | 53.6 (9.0)† | 48.2 (9.7) | 52.3 (10.2)† | 47.0 (8.7) | 49.5 (9.3) | 47.7 (8.4) |
| Antidepressants use, n (%) | ||||||||
| SSRI | 14 (73.7) | --- | 13 (50.0) | --- | 17 (58.6) | --- | 21 (60.0) | --- |
| SNRI | 1 (5.3) | --- | 3 (11.5) | --- | 5 (17.2) | --- | 6 (17.1) | --- |
| Atypical antidepressant | 7 (36.8) | --- | 12 (46.2) | --- | 7 (24.1) | --- | 7 (20.0) | --- |
| Tricyclic antidepressant | 0 (0.0) | --- | 4 (3.8) | --- | 4 (13.8) | --- | 5 (14.3) | --- |
SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SNRI: Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
*
p<0.05 for the differences between antidepressants users and non-users within each intervention group
†
p<0.01 for the differences between antidepressants users and non-users within each intervention group