Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population1
| All subjects (n=701) | Whites (n=248) | Japanese Americans (n=191) | Koreans (n=262) | Difference between racial groups2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age | 45.1 (2.9) | 44.8 (2.8) | 46.0 (2.9) | 44.7 (2.8) | ¶¥ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (3.8) | 27.5 (4.3) | 26.7 (3.6) | 24.5 (2.6) | ഠ|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.2 (12.0) | 122.2 (11.3) | 125.8 (12.1) | 119.5 (12) | ¶‡¥ |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.4 (9.2) | 72.6 (8.7) | 76.5 (8.9) | 74.6 (9.7) | ¶‡ |
| Hypertension (%) | 9.4 | 7.7 | 15.2 | 6.9 | ¶¥ |
| Heart rate | 65.4 (9.0) | 64.1 (9.3) | 66.4 (8.5) | 65.8 (9.1) | ¶ |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 101.5 (11.7) | 99 (7.8) | 105.5 (7.8) | 100.9 (15.7) | ¶¥ |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 7.5 (12.0) | 3.7 (8.5) | 4.0 (8.1) | 13.9 (14.4) | ഠ|
| Alcohol drinker3 | 42.1 | 45.6 | 37.5 | 42.2 | none |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 205.4 (36.7) | 215.3 (37.4) | 211.9 (35.6) | 191.6 (32.6) | ഠ|
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 127.0 (33.6) | 137.6 (33.2) | 129.1 (31.9) | 115.4 (31.5) | ¶‡¥ |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.3 (12.6) | 48.7 (13.1) | 51.0 (12.5) | 45.9 (11.9) | ഠ|
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 153.5 (96.5) | 145 (80.7) | 163.6 (111.9) | 154.1 (97.6) | none |
| NMR Lipoproteins | |||||
| Total VLDL-P (nmol/L) | 81.2 (46.1) | 82.8 (43.7) | 95.4 (51.6) | 69.4 (40.9) | ¶‡¥ |
| Large VLDL-P (nmol/L) | 5.1 (7.4) | 5.5 (7.4) | 6.3 (8.7) | 3.9 (6.0) | ¥ |
| Medium VLDL-P (nmol/L) | 35.1 (30.8) | 36.9 (29.3) | 42.1 (34.9) | 28.3 (27.6) | ഠ|
| Small VLDL-P (nmol/L) | 41.1 (25.3) | 40.5 (24.1) | 47.1 (26.8) | 37.3 (24.5) | ¶¥ |
| Total LDL-P (nmol/L) | 1309.4 (347.0) | 1474.4 (338.39) | 1290.8 (334.8) | 1166.9 (294.0) | ¶‡¥ |
| Intermediate DL-P (nmol/L) | 143.5 (96.5) | 131.6 (99.7) | 139.0 (100.0) | 158.0 (89.2) | ‡ |
| Large LDL-P (nmol/L) | 546.8 (279.9) | 665.0 (308.6) | 455.7 (245.5) | 501.3 (233.8) | ¶‡ |
| Small LDL-P (nmol/L) | 619.1 (339.4) | 677.7 (350.9) | 696.2 (338.0) | 507.5 (298.5) | ഠ|
| Total HDL-P (μmol/L) | 31.8 (6.4) | 31.5 (5.8) | 36.4 (5.7) | 28.7 (5.4) | ¶‡¥ |
| Large HDL-P (μmol/L) | 3.8 (3.0) | 3.3 (2.7) | 4.6 (3.1) | 3.8 (2.9) | ¶¥ |
| Medium HDL-P (μmol/L) | 7.8 (4.2) | 7.7 (4.0) | 10.2 (4.5) | 6.0 (3.1) | ¶‡# |
| Small HDL-P (μmol/L) | 20.2 (4.5) | 20.6 (4.4) | 21.5 (4.2) | 18.9 (4.3) | ‡¥ |
Values are expressed as mean (SD)
1
Participants taking antihypertensive (n=140), lipid-lowering (n=132) and hypoglycemic medications (n=33) were removed from the analysis (Total excluded = 305)
2
¶ denotes significant difference between whites and JA, ‡ denotes significant difference between whites and Koreans, and ¥ denotes significant difference between JA and Koreans
3
Alcohol drinker was defined as alcohol intake ≥ twice/week
BMI = body-mass index, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein, NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance