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. 2013 Oct 3;140(3):344–351. doi: 10.1111/imm.12146

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression in osteoblasts and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). (a) Effects of CRAMP on RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts. Osteoblasts were cultured with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 ng/ml) and flagellin (100 ng/ml). CRAMP (30 μg/ml) was added to some cultures. After 24 hr, cells were processed for real-time RT-PCR. (b) Effects of CRAMP on cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp) mRNA expression in osteoblasts. Osteoblasts were cultured with or without LPS (50 ng/ml) and flagellin (100 ng/ml). CRAMP (30 μg/ml) was added to some cultures. After 24 hr, cells were processed for real-time RT-PCR. (c) Effects of CRAMP on TNF-α secretion by BMMs. The BMMs were cultured with or without LPS (50 ng/ml) and flagellin (100 ng/ml). CRAMP (30 μg/ml) was added to some cultures. After 24 hr, the conditioned medium was collected for ELISA. (d) Effects of CRAMP on TNF-α secretion by RAW 264 cells. RAW 264 cells were cultured with or without flagellin (1 μg/ml). CRAMP (30 μg/ml) was added to some cultures. After 24 hr, the conditioned medium was collected for ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3, or n = 4). *P < 0·05; **P < 0·01.