Table 1.
Effects of different antioxidant treatments in β thalassemia.
| Molecule | Model | Evidences | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E | β-thal intermedia patients (in vivo study) | ↓ MDA Amelioration in the oxidation of low density lipoproteins Amelioration of RBCs osmotic fragility No changes in transfusion requirement |
[70–72] |
| Curcumin |
β-thal patients (in vitro study) β-thal/HbE patients (in vivo study) |
↓ lipid peroxidation ↓ methemoglobin, but no changes in Hb levels |
[73, 74] |
| FPP |
β-thal major and intermedia patients (in vitro study) β-thal/HbE patients (in vivo study) β-thal mouse model (in vivo) |
↓ ROS ↑ GSH ↓ PS positive RBCs ↓ RBCs phagocytosis No effects on Hb levels |
[73, 75] |
| MonoHER |
β-thal mouse model (in vivo) |
↑ RBCs K+ content ↓ KCl cotransport activity ↓ PS positive RBCs ↑ RBCs membrane and plasma vitamin E levels Amelioration of β-thal mouse erythropoiesis |
[66] |
| AD4 |
β-thal major and intermedia patients (in vitro study) β-thal mouse model (in vivo study) |
↓ ROS ↑ GSH ↓ PS positive RBCs ↓ RBCs phagocytosis No effects on Hb levels |
[76] |
β-thal: β-thalassemia; MDA: malonylaldehyde; RBC: red blood cell; Hb: hemoglobin; PS: phosphatidylserine; GSH: reduced glutathione peroxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; FPP: fermented papaya preparation; AD4: N-acetylcysteine amide.