Table 2.
Antimicrobial drug resistance of bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of geckos.
| Bacteria | Total isolates tested | Number of isolates resistant to antimicrobial discs of | MDR strains | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | CTX | C | Cf | Co | G | Nf | T | |||
| Citrobacter diversus | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| C. freundii | 43 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 3 |
| C. amalonaticus | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Edwardsiella tarda | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ed. hoshiniae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ent. agglomerans | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ent. amnigenus BG-I | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ent. amnigenusBG-II | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Ent. cancerogenus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ent. gregoviae | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Ent. sakazaki | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Erwinia ananas | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Escherichia blattae | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| E. coli | 44 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
| E. fergusonii | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hafnea alvei | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| K. pneumoniae | 35 | 35 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 1 | 5 |
| Leminorella ghrimontii | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Listonella damsele | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Pragia fontium | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Proteus penneri | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Raoultella terrigena | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Salmonella indica | 30 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Salmonella salamae | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Salmonella houtenae | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Serratia fonticola | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Serratia marcescens | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Total | 223 | 112 | 18 | 20 | 3 | 34 | 2 | 68 | 11 | 27 |
|
| ||||||||||
| % resistant strains | 50.2 | 8.1 | 9.0 | 1.3 | 15.2 | 0.9 | 30.5 | 4.9 | ||
|
| ||||||||||
| Chi-test values | 7.6 × 10−9 | 2.6 × 10−4 | 5.6 × 10−5 | 0.999 | 5.6 × 10−4 | 0.911 | 6.5 × 10−5 | 0.172 | 9.2 × 10−3 | |
A: ampicillin 10 µg; CTX: cefotaxime 30 µg; C: chloramphenicol 30 µg; Cf: ciprofloxacin 5 µg; Co: cotrimoxazole 25 µg; G: gentamicin 10 µg; Nf: nitrofurantoin 300 µg; T: tetracycline 30 µg.
Note: Chi-square test was done to test the null hypothesis that type of bacteria had no effect on resistance to antimicrobial drug.