Table 4.
Effect of source of geckos on antimicrobial drug resistance (% strains) in bacterial isolates from faecal droppings of geckos.
| Antimicrobial drug (content in disc) | % Resistant isolates of bacteria isolated from lizards of different sources (number of isolates tested) | Chi-test statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office (51) | HHH (68) | IFS (51) | HGM (53) | Total (223) | ||
| Ampicillin (10 µg) | 47.1 | 45.6 | 52.9 | 56.6 | 50.2 | 0.614 |
| Cefotaxime (30 µg) | 7.8 | 2.9 | 21.6 | 1.9 | 8.1 | 5.2 × 10−4 |
| Chloramphenicol (30 µg) | 0 | 10.3 | 23.5 | 1.9 | 9 | 7.6 × 10−5 |
| Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) | 0 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 0 | 1.3 | 0.264 |
| Cotrimoxazole (25 µg) | 9.8 | 23.5 | 21.6 | 3.8 | 15.2 | 8.3 × 10−3 |
| Gentamicin (10 µg) | 0 | 0 | 3.9 | 0 | 0.9 | 0.783 |
| Nitrofurantoin (300 µg) | 3.9 | 36.8 | 41.2 | 37.7 | 30.5 | 5.6 × 10−5 |
| Tetracycline (30 µg) | 0 | 2.9 | 15.7 | 1.9 | 4.9 | 7.6 × 10−4 |
| AC (500 µg) | 66.7 | 85.3 | 82.4 | 50.9 | 72.2 | 1.0 × 10−4 |
| AV (500 µg) | 94.1 | 97.1 | 98 | 98.1 | 96.9 | 0.620 |
| EG (500 µg) | 86.3 | 95.6 | 96.1 | 100 | 94.6 | 0.016 |
| LGO (500 µg) | 92.2 | 100 | 98 | 94.3 | 96.4 | 0.100 |
| PO (500 µg) | 84.3 | 100 | 92.2 | 100 | 94.6 | 4.1 × 10−4 |
| SWO (500 µg) | 92.2 | 98.5 | 96.1 | 100 | 96.9 | 0.104 |
| ZR (500 µg) | 90.2 | 88.2 | 92.2 | 73.6 | 86.1 | 0.024 |
AC: Ageratum conyzoides ethanolic extract; AV: Artemisia vulgaris essential oil; EG: eucalyptus gum; LGO: lemongrass oil; PO: patchouli essential oil; SWO: sandalwood oil; ZR: Zanthoxylum rhetsa ethanolic extract; HHH: human house-holds; IFS: integrated farm units; HGM: hostel, guest house and mess/canteen.
Note: Chi-square test was done to test the null hypothesis that source of bacteria had no effect on resistance to antimicrobial drug.