Fig. 4.

Impaired synergism of MDP and LPS on innate cytokine production in SAMP vs. AKR BMDMs. BMDMs isolated from preinflamed SAMP and age-matched AKR control mice were stimulated with medium (control), MDP (10 μg/mL), LPS (10 ng/mL), or a combination of MDP and LPS (n ≥ 9). Cultured supernatants were collected after 24 h and were analyzed by ELISA for production of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (Kruskal–Wallis, pairwise Mann–Whitney). The single asterisk (*) and double asterisk (**) denote significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.