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. 2011 Apr 28;23(3):163–170. doi: 10.1016/j.jsha.2011.04.003

Figure 16.

Figure 16

Transthoracic echo in a 60-year-old male with severe functional mitral regurgitation (ischemic mitral regurgitation). (A) Apical 4-chamber view in systole showing mitral valve with structurally normal leaflets. Mitral leaflets are coapting in LV side due to severe tethering. (B) Color Doppler with lower Nyquist limit is demonstrating severe mitral regurgitation (MR) reaching right upper pulmonary vein (red arrow). PISA radius (r) is 1.0 cm which is compatible with severe MR. LV = left ventricle, LA = left atrium.