Figure 3. The outer diameters of rings with HEK293s (a,b) and SMCs (c,d) exposed to either ibuprofen (a,c) and SDS (b,d) as a function of time.

The rate of ring closure was found by fitting the outer diameter versus time curves of each concentration with a linear least-squares fit. Generally, rings of both cell types close over time, and increases in drug concentration lead to slower rates of closure. For SMCs, the rate of closure was found between 1–5 hours, as the rings exposed to ibuprofen stopped closing after 5 hours. Error bars represent standard deviation.