Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and clinical characteristics of cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their controls in Oklahoma
| Cases (n=22) | Controls (n=72) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | n (%) | n (%) | |
|
| |||
| ≥25 | 17 (77) | 34 (47) | 0.010c |
| Median (Range) | 29.0 (19, 35) | 24.0 (18, 42) | 0.009e |
|
| |||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |||
|
| |||
| ≥25 | 18 (82) | 33 (46) | 0.003 c |
| Median (Range) | 29.5 (21.6, 58.9) | 24.5 (16.8, 44.6) | 0.004e |
|
| |||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
|
| |||
| Hispanic | 14 (64) | 20 (28) | 0.002 c |
|
| |||
| Income | |||
|
| |||
| <$10,000 per year | 7 (32) | 40 (56) | 0.051 c |
|
| |||
| Education | |||
|
| |||
| <High School | 16 (73) | 21 (29) | 0.0003 c |
|
| |||
| Active Smoker | |||
|
| |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 15 (21) | 0.003d |
|
| |||
| Family History of Type 2 DMa | |||
|
| |||
| Yes | 18 (82) | 38 (53) | 0.053d |
|
| |||
| Previous GDM Diagnosisb | |||
|
| |||
| Yes | 8 (42) | 1 (2) | <0.0001d |
|
| |||
| Parity | |||
|
| |||
| Nulliparous | 4 (18) | 22 (31) | 0.256 c |
|
| |||
| Gestational Age (weeks) | Median (Range) | Median (Range) | |
|
| |||
| at GDM Screen | 25.9 (9.7, 32.9) | 26.6 (22.3, 34.43) | 0.08e |
| at Enrollment | 29.5 (16.9, 34.7) | 30.6 (26.0, 38.1) | 0.16e |
|
| |||
| Blood Glucose Levels (mg/l) | |||
| 163.5 (137, 269) | 109.0 (69, 197) | <0.0001e | |
a
Analysis omitted two controls with unknown family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus
b
Analysis omitted cases (n=4) and controls (n=22) pregnant for the first time
c
Chi-Square Test of Independence p-value
d
Fisher’s Exact p-value for Chi-Square Test of Independence
e
Mann Whitney test p-value