. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 21.

Published in final edited form as: CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Mar 14;62(3):147–172. doi: 10.3322/caac.21139

Table 5.

Evidence for screening with HPV alone compared to cytology

PATIENTS/POPULATION	Women aged 30–65
INTERVENTION	Screening with HPV alone
COMPARATOR	Screening with cytology alone
OUTCOME	MAIN RESULT	NUMBER OF STUDIES	QUALITY OF EVIDENCE	COMMENTS
Cancer
Prevalent	Cytology 0.01%, HPV 0.02%	1¹⁰⁹	Low	Wide confidence intervals based on small number of cases, but consistent pattern
Incident cases after negative result	5 years: Cytology 7.5/100,000, HPV 3.8/100,000	1⁷⁴		Wide confidence intervals based on small number of cases, but consistent pattern; 1 RCT, 1 observational
CIN3+
Prevalent	Increase in prevalent CIN3+ detected with HPV 0–0.3%	4^{38,74,109,110}	Moderate to low	Includes one RCT with CIN2+ as outcome
Incident cases after negative result	Decrease in incident CIN3+ after negative result with HPV 0.2–0.35% after 5–6 years	2^74,110	Moderate to low
Colposcopies	Absolute increase in colposcopies 0–4.2% with HPV at enrollment	2^38,109	Moderate to low	Not universally reported; cumulative risks not reported