Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Set a Priori

PICOSS	Criteria
Participant	Adult (≥18 year), acute to chronic neck pain with or without cervicogenic headache or radiculopathy or whiplash
Intervention	Acupuncture, electrotherapy, laser, cold or heat, mechanical traction, ultrasound as single treatment
Comparison	Control or comparison (i.e. standard care, another treatment)
Outcomes	Primary: Pain, function, disability, work related, quality of life Secondary: global perceived effect and patient satisfaction
Study Design	Systematic reviews of randomized trials; narrative reviews were excluded
Study Timeframe	Immediate post-treatment (IP), short-term (ST: closest to 3 months); intermediate term (IT: closest to 6 months; long term (LT: closest to 1 year)