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Components contributing to the solution exchange time and the dependence of microchannel geometries l and w, bottom thickness d and flow rate Q (derivations and calculations are supplied in the ESI)
| Component | τ/ms | Scaling ∝ |
|---|---|---|
| Solenoid valves | 2 | |
| External tubing | 4 | |
| Inertia | 0.5 | w 2 l −1 |
| Supply channel | 30 | w −1 l 2 d −1 |
| Dead volume of the switch | 2.5 | w 3 Q −1 |
| Outlet channel | ~70 | w 2 l 0.5… 1 Q −0.5… −1 |
| Outlet to cell | ~40 | |
| Sum | ~150 |
