Table 1.

Ten issues to be considered when choosing among local and nonlocal populations for ecological restoration

Ecological issues

1. The ecological state and the choice of a restoration target

2. Novel ecosystems and anthromes

3. Ecosystem patterns, processes, and functions

Genetic issues

4. Variation in genetic diversity among populations of a species

5. Outbreeding depression and genetic diversity

Evolutionary issues

6. The role of natural selection

7. Local adaptation and general adaptation

8. Co-evolution and ecological fitting

Issues relating to restoration practice

9. Testing methodology

10. The relative frequency of opportunity for nature versus restoration practice