Table 4.
Odds ratio estimates of the association of overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) with educational level controlling for reproductive variables among women aged 25- 49 years by region across 33 low and middle income countries in the period 1992- 2009.
| Region | Period | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992-1997 | 1998-2003 | 2004-2009 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| North Africa/West & Central Asiaa | |||
| Non-education | 0.98 (0.81- 1.19) | 1.04 (0.84- 1.29) | 0.81 (0.66- 0.99) |
| Incomplete Primary | 1.32 (1.08-1.61) | 1.19 (0.94- 1.51) | 0.82 (0.65- 1.05) |
| Primary | 1.52 (1.29- 1.81) | 1.71 (1.41- 2.08) | 1.59 (1.33- 1.89) |
| Secondary | 1.27 (1.08- 1.50) | 1.28 (1.06- 1.54) | 1.20 (1.02- 1.41) |
| Higher | Reference | ||
| South & Southeast Asiab | |||
| Non-education | 0.20 (0.09- 0.45) | 0.34 (0.26- 0.43) | 0.44 (0.37- 0.52) |
| Incomplete Primary | 0.19 (0.07- 0.48) | 0.42 (0.32- 0.55) | 0.61 (0.51- 0.74) |
| Primary | 0.38 (0.18- 0.80) | 0.59 (0.49- 0.72) | 0.74 (0.66- 0.84) |
| Secondary | 0.54 (0.21- 1.35) | 0.83 (0.66- 1.05) | 0.97 (0.82- 1.15) |
| Higher | Reference | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africac | |||
| Non-education | 0.28 (0.18- 0.45) | 0.27 (0.22- 0.33) | 0.37 (0.32- 0.42) |
| Incomplete Primary | 0.41 (0.26- 0.65) | 0.42 (0.34- 0.50) | 0.49 (0.42- 0.56) |
| Primary | 0.59 (0.37- 0.92) | 0.59 (0.49- 0.71) | 0.62 (0.55- 0.70) |
| Secondary | 0.70 (0.41- 1.19) | 0.82 (0.66- 1.01) | 0.73 (0.64- 0.84) |
| Higher | Reference | ||
| Latin America & Caribbeand | |||
| Non-education | 1.13 (0.95- 1.33) | 1.05 (0.91- 1.21) | 1.06 (0.89- 1.26) |
| Incomplete Primary | 1.40 (1.22- 1.62) | 1.39 (1.24- 1.56) | 1.39 (1.23- 1.58) |
| Primary | 1.44 (1.27- 1.63) | 1.57 (1.41- 1.75) | 1.44 (1.29- 1.60) |
| Secondary | 1.26 (1.11- 1.43) | 1.24 (1.11- 1.38) | 1.26 (1.13- 1.39) |
| Higher | Reference | ||
Variables included in the adjusted model: age, household wealth, residence, country, time period, parity, age at first birth and breastfeeding.
North Africa/West & Central Asia countries included (Egypt, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Turkey)
South & Southeast Asia countries included (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Nepal)
Sub-Saharan Africa countries included (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Cote D'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)
Latin America & Caribbean countries included (Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Peru)