TABLE 1.

Family risk versus protective factors

Family risk factors	Family protective factors
Ongoing conflict between parents (especially if it is abusive and/or focused on children)	Protection from conflict between parents
Diminished capacity to parent or poor parenting	Cooperative parenting (except in cases of domestic violence)
Lack of monitoring children’s activities	Healthy relationships between child and parents
Multiple family transitions	Parents’ psychological well being
Parent mental health problems	Quality, authoritative parenting
Chaotic, unstable household	Household structure and stability
Impaired parent-child relationships	Supportive sibling relationships and extended family relationships
Economic decline	Economic stability

Adapted from reference 18