Table 3. Randomized clinical trials of lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography; Target group and screening schedule.
| Study | Age range | Smoking history | Participants (baseline), n | Screening schedule (years)** | Control group | Total period of follow up | Years of recruitment | Completion/expected completion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDCT arm | Control arm | Total | ||||||||
| NLST, USA (13,81) | 55-74 | Current or ex-smokers >30 PY, quit <15 yr | 26,722 | 26,732 | 53,454 | 0,1,2 | CXR | 5 | 2002-4 | 2009 |
| LSS, USA (pilot study) (82) | 55-74 | Current or ex-smokers >30 PY, quit <10 yr | 1,660 | 1,658 | 3,318 | 0 | CXR | 1 | 2000 | 2001 |
| DANTE, Italy (83) | 60-74 (men only) | Current or ex-smokers >20 PY | 1,276 | 1,196 | 2,472 | 0,1,2,3,4 | Annual clinic review† | 4 | 2001-6 | 2010 |
| Dépiscan, France (pilot study) (84) | 50-75 | Current or ex-smokers >15 PY, quit <15 yr | 336 | 285 | 765 | 0,1,2,3 | CXR | 2 | 2002-4 | 2004 |
| NELSON, The Netherlands and Belgium (50,85,86) | 50-74 | Current or ex-smokers >15 PY, quit <10 yr | 7,915 | 7,907 | 15,822 | 0,1,3 | Usual care (no intervention) | 10 | 2003-6 | 2015 |
| DLCST, Denmark (87) | 50-70 | Current or ex-smokers >20 PY, quit <10 yr | 2,052 | 2,052 | 4,104 | 0,1,2,3,4 | Usual care (no intervention) | 10 | 2004-6 | 2014 |
| ITALUNG, Italy (88) | 55-69 | Current or ex-smokers >20 PY, quit <10 yr | 1,613 | 1,593 | 3,206 | 0,1,2,3 | Usual care (no intervention) | 4 | 2004-6 | – |
| MILD, Italy (89) | 49-75 | Current or ex-smokers >20 PY, quit <10yr | 1,190 annual; 1,186 biennial | 1,723 | 4,099 | Annual or biennial for 10 years | Usual care (no intervention) | 10 | 2005-onwards | Ongoing-started 2005 |
| LUSI, Germany (90) | 50-69 | Current or ex-smokers >15 PY, quit <10yr | 2,029 | 2,023 | 4,052 | 0,1,2,3,4 | Usual care (no intervention) | 5 | 2007-onwards | Ongoing-started 2007 |
| UKLS (pilot study), United Kingdom (91,92) | 50-75 | 5% risk of developing lung cancer in 5 years (Liverpool Lung Project risk model) | 2,000* | 2,000* | 4,000 | 0 | Usual care (no intervention) | 10 | 2011-onwards | Ongoing-started 2011 |
*Planned recruitment; PY, Pack years (cigarettes per day/20× duration of smoking in years); CXR, chest radiograph; **Screening schedule indicates which year the scans are performed with ‘0’ indicating baseline scan; †, all participants received CXR + sputum cytology at baseline.