Table 3.
Association between sodium intake and hazard ratio of hypertension according to level of uric acid or albumin excretion
| Model | Continuous urine sodium (per each 43 mmol increase) |
Quartile of Urine Sodium, mmol/day (median, interquartile range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 97 (79–110) | 142 (132–153) | 188 (176–203) | 271 (242–316) | ||
| Uric acid | Multivariable HR (95% CI) according to category of uric acid | ||||
| Tertile 1 (<255.8 µmol/L) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.23 (0.84–1.80) | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) | 1.06 (0.68–1.65) |
| Tertile 2 (255.8–309.3 µmol/L) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.06 (0.73–1.54) | 1.05 (0.72–1.55) | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) |
| Tertile 3 (>309.3 µmol/L) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 1.10 (0.78–1.53) | 1.32 (0.94–1.86) |
| Urine albumin | Multivariable HR (95% CI) according to category of albumin excretion | ||||
| <10 mg/d | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 0.96 (0.72–1.29) | 1.12 (0.83–1.52) |
| 10–15 mg/d | 1.02 (0.92–1.12) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.98 (0.60–1.63) | 0.80 (0.49–1.30) | 1.08 (0.63–1.87) |
| >15 mg/d | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.08 (0.67–1.75) | 1.24 (0.77–2.00) | 1.86 (1.14–3.01) |
43 mmol is approximately 1 g of sodium.
Multivariable models were adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, alcohol intake, smoking status, family history of hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, plasma levels of glucose and cholesterol, and urinary levels of potassium, calcium, and creatinine.
The interaction p-values were <0.001 for the interaction between sodium intake and SUA, and 0.007 for the interaction between sodium intake and UAE.