Table 5.

Indications for performing LMD/MS for typing of renal amyloidosis

Lack of tissue for immunofluorescence

Negative immunofluorescence staining for κ and λ, and negative immunohistochemistry staining for SAA

Equal immunofluorescence staining for κ and λ

Strong immunofluorescence staining for ≥ Ig heavy chain (with or without staining for Ig light chains)

Positive immunofluorescence staining for IgG, IgA, κ, and/or λ, with positive immunohistochemistry staining for SAA

Equivocal Congo red stain

LMD/MS, laser microdissection/mass spectrometry; SAA, serum amyloid A.