Table 3.
Risk factors for HIVICK or HIVAN versus matched controls
| Risk Factor, n (%) | HIVICK Patients and Matched Controls | HIVAN Patients and Matched Controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Black race | 4.8 (2.0 to 11.5) | 2.3 (0.9 to 6.8) | 10.0 (2.3 to 42.9) | 10.3 (1.3 to 79.5) |
| Injection drug use | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.4) | — | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | — |
| HIV RNA >400 copies/ml | 3.2 (1.7 to 5.9) | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.2) | 17.2 (4.0 to 74.3) | 11.7 (2.6 to 52.7) |
| CD4+cell count <200 cells/mm3 | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.4) | 1.9 (0.95 to 3.7) | 3.6 (1.7 to 7.5) | — |
| Hepatitis C antibody positive | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.7) | 1.8 (0.95 to 3.4) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.3) | — |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen positive | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.1) | — | 0.3 (0.04 to 2.4) | — |
| Diabetes | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.8) | 2.0 (0.7 to 5.8) | — |
| Hypertension | 2.8 (1.7 to 4.8) | 2.3 (1.2 to 4.5) | 2.3 (1.1 to 4.6) | — |
| cART | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9) | — | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.4 (0.14 to 1.1) |
A dash indicates that the risk factor was dropped from the model by backward stepwise selection for P>0.10. HIVIC, HIV-associated immune complex kidney disease; HIVAN, HIV-associated nephropathy; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; cART, combined antiretroviral therapy defined as ≥3 antiretroviral drugs >10 days in prior 3 months.