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. 2013 Oct 22;7:169. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00169

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Copyright © Krenz, Hooper, Parker, Prinz and Baro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spike activity influences the LP I_A:I_h ratio in 5 μM DA. (A,B) Diagrams of recurrent voltage steps that were applied during 5 μM DA application. Spikes are not drawn to scale. Note the recurrent step mimicked the DA-induced decrease in LP burst duration and cycle period. In addition, it mimicked spike activity. In (A), spike activity is represented as a single depolarizing step to +40 mV. The duration of the step = 6 spikes × 2 ms = 12 ms. In (B), the six spikes are represented as 6, 2 ms depolarizations to +40 mV. The time between each depolarization is 0.66 x average ISI in ms at t = -10 min. (C) Plot of the fold-changes in the LP I_A:I_hratio (mean ± SEM) throughout a 1 h superfusion with 5 μM DA and implementation of the recurrent voltage step indicated by protocol A. The ratio significantly decreased with time; *p < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc tests that compare all time points to t = 0 (see text). (D) Plots of the fold-changes in peak LP I_A and I_h (mean ± SEM) from the same experiments as in (C); *p < 0.05 for I_A only, repeated measures ANOVAs with Dunnett’s post hoc tests (see text). (E) Plot of the fold-changes in the LP I_A:I_hratio (mean ± SEM) throughout a 2 h superfusion with 5 μM DA and implementation of a recurring voltage step indicated by protocol B. The ratio significantly decreased with time; *p < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc tests that compare all time points to t = 0, F(5,4) = 8.728, p = 0.0002. (F) Plots of the fold-changes in peak LP I_A and I_h (mean ± SEM) from the same experiments as in (E). Note that although LP I_h is slowly reduced, repeated measures ANOVAs with Dunnett’s post hoc tests that compare all time points to t = 0 indicate that only the decrease in LP I_A is statistically significant [LP I_A: F(3,4) = 19.66, p < 0.0001; LP I_h, F(3,4) = 1.218, p = 0.3456]; *p < 0.05.