Table 2.
Risk factors for death prior to and during TB treatment among TB patients in North Carolina
| Characteristic | Death prior to TB treatment OR (95%CI) |
Death early (first 8 weeks) in TB treatment HR (95%CI) |
Death late (8–26 weeks) in TB treatment HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Per year increase | 1.04 (1.03–1.05)* | 1.06 (1.05–1.07)* | 1.05 (1.04–1.07)* |
| Per decade increase | 1.48 (1.34–1.63)* | 1.79 (1.63–1.97)* | 1.63 (1.48–1.88)* |
| Race and HIV status | |||
| Non-Hispanic White, HIV− | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Non-Hispanic White, HIV+ | 4.11 (1.04–16.34)* | 2.77 (0.85–9.05) | 2.93 (0.47–18.50) |
| Non-Hispanic Black, HIV− | 1.16 (0.81–1.65) | 1.38 (1.06–1.78)* | 1.17 (0.82–1.67) |
| Non-Hispanic Black, HIV+ | 3.00 (1.56–5.77)* | 2.08 (1.17–3.71)* | 5.79 (3.20–10.48)* |
| Hispanic, HIV− | 1.33 (0.56–3.16) | 1.30 (0.58–2.91) | 0.56 (0.13–2.39) |
| Hispanic, HIV+ | 1.80 (0.35–9.21) | Undefined | 1.71 (0.19–15.32) |
| Asian, HIV− | 0.53 (0.16–1.73) | 0.75 (0.30–1.85) | 0.42 (0.10–1.72) |
| Native American, HIV− | 3.35 (1.12–10.03)* | 1.92 (0.70–5.27) | 0.97 (0.13–7.05) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Female | 1.03 (0.75–1.43) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) |
| Excess alcohol use | 0.90 (0.54–1.50) | 1.62 (1.13–2.32)* | 0.77 (0.44–1.34) |
| Injection drug use | 2.39 (0.73–7.81) | 1.80 (0.71–4.55) | 1.60 (0.57–4.47) |
| Non-injection drug use | 0.43 (0.17–1.08) | 0.67 (0.36–1.26) | 1.13 (0.54–2.34) |
| Homeless | 1.08 (0.51–2.29) | 1.24 (0.73–2.12) | 0.83 (0.38–1.81) |
| Nursing home resident | 1.41 (0.86–2.30) | 1.65 (1.20–2.29)* | 1.41 (0.85–2.32) |
| Disease site | |||
| Pulmonary | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Miliary/meningeal | 2.36 (1.28–4.34)* | 1.93 (1.18–3.17)* | 2.07 (1.07–3.98)* |
| Extra-pulmonary (not miliary/meningeal) | 0.91 (0.59–1.38) | 0.62 (0.43–0.89)* | 1.23 (0.83–1.81) |
*
Statistically significant.
TB = tuberculosis; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazards ratio; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; HIV− = HIV−negative; HIV+ = HIV−positive.