Table 1.
Differences in demographic, health or healthcare characteristics of study groups before and after matching. Data are proportion (%) of individuals or mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated
| Potential controls* (n=969 677) | Intervention participants (n=2698) | Matched controls (n=2698) | Standardised difference (variance ratio) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before matching | After matching | ||||
| Age | 41.6 (25.3)† | 65.5 (13.4) | 65.5 (13.5) | 18.0 (0.28) | 0.2 (0.98) |
| Female (%) | 54.7 (n=522 049)‡ | 47.7 (n=1288) | 47.7 (n=1288) | 14.0 | 0.0 |
| Socioeconomic deprivation score† | 34.4 (17.5) | 37.2 (18.9) | 36.8 (19.3) | 14.8 (1.21) | 1.8 (1.03) |
| Anaemia (%) | 1.7 (n=16 797) | 3.2 (n=86) | 3.7 (n=99) | 9.4 | 2.6 |
| Angina (%) | 2.3 (n=22 092) | 15.4 (n=416) | 11.6 (n=314) | 47.6 | 11.1 |
| Asthma (%) | 3.8 (n=36 971) | 5.7 (n=154) | 6.9 (n=186) | 8.9 | 4.9 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter (%) | 2.3 (n=22 370) | 6.1 (n=165) | 6.5 (n=176) | 19.0 | 1.7 |
| Cancer (%) | 5.3 (n=51 530) | 6.1 (n=165) | 8.0 (n=216) | 3.5 | 7.4 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 1.8 (n=17 807) | 4.2 (n=112) | 4.1 (n=111) | 13.6 | 0.2 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 1.6 (n=15 055) | 5.7 (n=154) | 5.5 (n=149) | 22.4 | 0.8 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 1.9 (n=18 217) | 5.6 (n=152) | 5.5 (n=149) | 19.8 | 0.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 4.0 (n=38 805) | 29.6 (n=799) | 29.3 (n=791) | 72.9 | 0.7 |
| History of falls (%) | 2.3 (n=22 549) | 3.2 (n=85) | 2.4 (n=66) | 5.1 | 4.3 |
| History of injury | 7.6 (n=73 450) | 7.4 (n=201) | 7.9 (n=213) | 0.5 | 1.7 |
| Hypertension (%) | 8.7 (n=84 092) | 28.4 (n=767) | 31.2 (n=842) | 52.6 | 6.1 |
| Ischaemic heart disease (%) | 4.0 (n=38 799) | 19.9 (n=537) | 19.7 (n=532) | 50.6 | 0.5 |
| Kidney failure (%) | 1.1 (n=10 996) | 2.9 (n=78) | 2.9 (n=77) | 12.5 | 0.2 |
| Mental health conditions (%) | 3.0 (n=28 910) | 2.4 (n=64) | 5.2 (n=141) | 3.8 | 15.0 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 2.1 (n=20 735) | 4.1 (n=111) | 5.0 (n=134) | 11.4 | 4.1 |
| Number of long term conditions | 0.3 (0.8) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.5) | 74.6 (3.41) | 0.7 (1.02) |
| Predictive risk score | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.17 (0.12) | 0.17 (0.2) | 67.3 (2.15) | 0.0 (1.00) |
| Emergency admissions (previous year) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.7) | 19.7 (1.53) | 2.1 (1.14) |
| Emergency admissions (previous month) | 0.01 (0.13) | 0.03 (0.21) | 0.03 (0.17) | 9.7 (2.37) | 3.2 (1.49) |
| Elective admissions (previous year) | 0.3 (1.4) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.56) | 2.9 (1.44) |
| Elective admissions (previous month) | 0.03 (0.21) | 0.03 (0.19) | 0.03 (0.19) | 2.2 (0.81) | 0.8 (1.02) |
| Outpatient attendances (previous year) | 1.6 (3.0) | 3.9 (5.0) | 3.6 (4.5) | 55.5 (2.66) | 6.1 (1.24) |
| Outpatient attendances (previous month) | 0.15 (0.54) | 0.36 (0.75) | 0.33 (0.72) | 32.8 (1.88) | 3.9 (1.07) |
| Emergency bed days (previous year) | 1.06 (7.64) | 1.80 (8.02) | 1.57 (6.16) | 9.5 (1.10) | 3.3 (1.70) |
| Emergency bed days (previous year, trimmed to 30 days) | 0.77 (3.74) | 1.44 (4.79) | 1.38 (4.58) | 15.6 (1.64) | 1.3 (1.09) |
*Residents of control areas with previous hospital use.
†For complete cases (n=968 659).
‡For complete cases (n= 954 282).
†Taken from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007.19