Figure 6. Geniposide regulated α-ketoglutarate production in the presence of different concentrations of glucose in INS-1 cells.

INS-1 cells were seeded and cultured overnight. Next day, cells were washed twice with KRBB and starved for 2 hours in KRBB in the presence or absence of 10 μM geniposide. The media were replaced with fresh complete media containing 5.5, 11, or 33 mM glucose with or without 10 μM geniposide. Following one hour incubation, the cells were washed twice with cold PBS. The cells were lysed with lysis buffer and the lysates were used to determine the content of α-ketoglutarate using a commercial kit according to the kit’s instructions. Data are means ± SD from three representative experiments. *, p < 0.05 vs the group of 5.5 mM glucose alone, &&, p < 0.01 vs the group of 11 mM glucose alone, and ##, p < 0.01 vs the group of 33 mM glucose alone respectively.