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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Transplant. 2013 Aug 7;13(10):2524–2529. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12398

Figure 1. Extracellular adenosine signaling.

Figure 1

Extracellular adenosine is generated from enzymatic conversion of the precursor nucleotides ATP and ADP to AMP through the enzymatic activity of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and the subsequent conversion of AMP to adenosine through ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73). Extracellular adenosine can signal through four distinct adenosine receptors: ADORA1 (A1), ADORA2A (A2A), ADORA2B (A2B), and ADORA3 (A3). Adapted from the New England Journal of Medicine with permission.