Table 4.

Logistic regression odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for whether any modern method was used at first sex among urban female and male youth ages 15–24 who ever had sex and are from select cities from Nigeria, Kenya, and Senegal

Characteristic	Nigeria		Kenya		Senegal

	Women (n=1429)	Men (n=465)	Women (n=1816)	Men (n=603)	Women (n=667)	Men (n=257)

Age at first sex (continuous)	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	1.32 (1.20–1.46)^***	1.08 (1.02–1.14)^**	1.44 (1.30–1.60)^***	1.11 (0.94–1.32)	1.40 (1.25–1.56)^***

First sex premarital (No – ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	7.33 (4.05–13.25)^***	13.21 (1.12–155.39)^*	2.59 (1.81–3.70)^***	4.03 (0.85–19.08)⁺	5.07 (1.86–13.83)^**	2.67 (0.55–12.98)

Education
None/Primary - ref	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary	3.94 (1.98–7.82)^***	6.33 (1.47–27.38)^*	1.80 (1.35–2.39)^***	1.65 (0.94–2.90)⁺	1.30 (0.41–4.12)	2.25 (0.98–5.19)⁺
Higher	4.84 (2.24–10.44)^***	6.11 (1.35–27.60)^*	3.98 (2.60–6.11)^***	3.70 (1.69–6.73)^***	4.62 (1.55–13.73)^**	2.67 (1.21–5.94)^*

Employment
Working/In school - ref	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not working	1.23 (0.87–1.75)	0.93 (0.33–2.60)	0.89 (0.69–1.14)	1.00 (0.40–2.49)	1.69 (0.73–3.93)	1.33 (0.45–3.95)

Wealth (Richest - ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Poorest	0.72 (0.42–1.24)	0.87 (0.42–1.79)	0.49 (0.31–0.77)^**	0.68 (0.29–1.57)	0.52 (0.16–1.63)	0.63 (0.23–1.69)
Poor	0.52 (0.29–0.93)^*	1.03 (0.52–2.05)	0.39 (0.24–0.65)^***	0.61 (0.26–1.43)	0.45 (0.16–1.24)	0.52 (0.19–1.38)
Middle	0.65 (0.38–1.11)	0.69 (0.35–1.37)	0.46 (0.28–0.75)^**	0.68 (0.29–1.58)	0.27 (0.09–0.86)^*	0.53 (0.21–1.29)
Rich	0.75 (0.46–1.21)	0.75 (0.40–1.42)	0.50 (0.31–0.80)^**	0.68 (0.29–1.59)	0.61 (0.17–2.15)	0.32 (0.11–0.92)^*

Religion
Non-Muslim/Protestant - ref	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	1.0	1.0	1.26 (0.94–1.69)	1.34 (0.73–2.46)	1.0	1.0
Muslim	0.71 (0.49–1.04)⁺	0.63 (0.38–1.07)⁺	0.47 (0.21–1.03)⁺	1.64 (0.63–4.23)	0.22 (0.09–0.57)^**	1.33 (0.39–4.50)

Duration of residence
1 year or less	0.84 (0.50–1.39)	0.83 (0.45–1.55)	0.72 (0.41–1.26)	0.94 (0.49–1.82)	2.30 (0.55–9.66)	1.84 (0.69–4.93)
2–5 years	1.14 (0.70–1.84)	0.94 (0.53–1.64)	0.86 (0.49–1.50)	0.76 (0.35–1.68)	1.56 (0.35–6.96)	1.38 (0.51–3.74)
>5 years	1.09 (0.62–2.92)	0.88 (0.46–1.66)	0.93 (0.48–1.82)	1.09 (0.43–2.76)	1.81 (0.41–7.93)	1.71 (0.77–3.80)
Always (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

City
Abuja/Nairobi/Dakar - ref	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ibadan/Mombasa/Pikine	1.22 (0.73–2.04)	2.02 (0.83–4.90)	0.68 (0.43–1.09)	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	0.68 (0.23–1.96)	1.86 (0.68–5.08)
Ilorin/Kisumu/Guédiawaye	0.85 (0.59–1.46)	4.34 (1.72–10.99)^**	1.42 (1.00–2.01)⁺	1.98 (1.14–3.45)^*	0.49 (0.22–1.12)⁺	0.92 (0.38–2.23)
Kaduna/na/Mbao	0.58 (0.33–1.03)⁺	3.97 (1.54–10.23)^**	na	na	0.34 (0.09–1.28)	2.01 (0.77–5.26)

Type of residence
Non-slum-ref			1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Slum	na	na	1.17 (0.84–1.62)	0.77 (0.23–2.62)	0.82 (0.39–1.74)	1.32 (0.69–2.52)

⁺

p≤0·10;

p≤0·05;

^**

p ≤ 0·01;

^***

p ≤0·001.