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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2013 Jun 26;84(5):886–894. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.254

Figure 1. Determinants of Bone Strength.

Figure 1

Legend: Bone strength is comprised of both bone density and quality. Bone quality refers to bone turnover, microarchitecture, micro-fractures, mineralization as well as the composition of mineral matrix. Trabecular microarchitecture includes trabecular thickness, the ratio of plates and rods, their connectivity and spacing. Cortical microarchitecture includes cortical thickness, porosity and bone size. Composition of mineral matrix includes changes in the cross-linking of type 1 collagen and alterations in the size and structure of bone mineral. Bones accumulate microfractures over time even with normal physical activity. The ability to repair these affects bone quality.