Table 3.
Risk of Crohn’s disease associated with fiber intake from specific dietary sources‡
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P(linear trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits | ||||||
| Number of cases | 73 | 49 | 54 | 53 | 40 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.65 (0.45 – 0.93) | 0.70 (0.49 – 1.00) | 0.67 (0.47 – 0.96) | 0.51 (0.35 – 0.76) | 0.003 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.48 – 0.99) | 0.75 (0.52 – 1.08) | 0.74 (0.51 – 1.06) | 0.57 (0.38 – 0.85) | 0.02 |
| Vegetables | ||||||
| Number of cases | 66 | 49 | 49 | 58 | 47 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.52 – 1.09) | 0.70 (0.48 – 1.02) | 0.89 (0.62 – 1.27) | 0.72 (0.49 – 1.04) | 0.22 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 0.76 (0.53 – 1.10) | 0.69 (0.48 – 1.01) | 0.88 (0.61 – 1.25) | 0.74 (0.50 – 1.07) | 0.25 |
| Cruciferous vegetables | ||||||
| Number of cases | 64 | 49 | 54 | 50 | 52 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.71 (0.49 – 1.03) | 0.81 (0.56 – 1.17) | 0.75 (0.52 – 1.09) | 0.80 (0.55 – 1.15) | 0.40 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 0.70 (0.48 – 1.02) | 0.81 (0.56 – 1.17) | 0.75 (0.52 – 1.09) | 0.78 (0.54 – 1.13) | 0.35 |
| Cereals | ||||||
| Number of cases | 63 | 45 | 54 | 60 | 47 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.47 – 1.01) | 0.82 (0.57 – 1.19) | 0.92 (0.64 – 1.33) | 0.72 (0.49 – 1.06) | 0.40 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 0.72 (0.49 – 1.07) | 0.89 (0.61 – 1.29) | 1.05 (0.72 – 1.51) | 0.85 (0.57 – 1.26) | 0.95 |
| Whole grain | ||||||
| Number of cases | 53 | 65 | 42 | 58 | 51 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.15 (0.80 – 1.66) | 0.77 (0.51 – 1.16) | 1.04 (0.71 – 1.52) | 0.94 (0.63 – 1.40) | 0.65 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 1.17 (0.81 – 1.69) | 0.81 (0.53 – 1.22) | 1.14 (0.77 – 1.68) | 1.07 (0.71 – 1.60) | 0.79 |
| Bran | ||||||
| Number of cases | 56 | 54 | 53 | 62 | 44 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.62 – 1.32) | 0.87 (0.59 – 1.28) | 1.04 (0.72 – 1.51) | 0.75 (0.50 – 1.12) | 0.26 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 0.93 (0.64 – 1.36) | 0.92 (0.63 – 1.36) | 1.13 (0.77 – 1.66) | 0.85 (0.56 – 1.28) | 0.65 |
| Legumes | ||||||
| Number of cases | 55 | 59 | 49 | 52 | 54 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.72 – 1.50) | 0.87 (0.59 – 1.28) | 0.94 (0.63 – 1.38) | 0.99 (0.67 – 1.46) | 0.90 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI) † | 1.0 | 1.02 (0.70 – 1.48) | 0.88 (0.60 – 1.30) | 0.95 (0.64 – 1.40) | 0.98 (0.66 – 1.44) | 0.88 |
‡
Cumulative average energy-adjusted intake from 1984 (NHS I) or 1991 (NHS II)
†
Adjusted for age, cohort, smoking (never, past, current), body mass index (<20 kg/m2, 20–24.9kg/m2, 25–29 kg/m2, > 30kg/m2), oral contraceptive use (never, ever), use of post menopausal hormone therapy (premenopausal, postmenopausal hormone never user, past user, current user), regular use of NSAIDs (yes, no), regular use of aspirin (yes, no).