Table 1.
Participant Characteristics According to Kyphosis Indice
| Kyphosis Index | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution by Kyphosis Index Quintile | |||||||
| Adjustment Variables | All [N(%)] |
Quintile 1 [N(%)] |
Quintile 2 [N(%)] |
Quintile 3 [N(%)] |
Quintile 4 [N(%)] |
Quintile 5 [N(%)] |
Trend p-value |
| Age (years) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 65–69 | 5(1) | 0(0) | 4(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(1) | |
| 70–74 | 129(21) | 27(22) | 36(29) | 29(23) | 27(22) | 10(8) | |
| 75–79 | 224(36) | 46(37) | 44(35) | 47(38) | 47(38) | 40(32) | |
| 80–84 | 155(25) | 31(25) | 24(19) | 27(22) | 32(26) | 41(33) | |
| 85+ | 107(17) | 20(16) | 16(13) | 21(17) | 18(15) | 32(26) | |
| Female | 394(64) | 81(65) | 73(59) | 86(69) | 74(60) | 80(65) | 0.953 |
| Race | 0.002 | ||||||
| White | 485(78) | 88(71) | 89(72) | 94(76) | 105(85) | 109(88) | |
| Black | 94(15) | 28(23) | 26(21) | 19(15) | 12(10) | 9(7) | |
| Other | 40(6) | 8(6) | 8(7) | 11(9) | 7(6) | 6(5) | |
| Education (years) | 0.118 | ||||||
| <12 | 60(10) | 17(14) | 6(5) | 19(15) | 11(9) | 7(6) | |
| 12–15 | 140(23) | 31(25) | 30(24) | 24(19) | 24(19) | 31(25) | |
| >15 | 419(68) | 76(61) | 87(71) | 81(65) | 89(72) | 86(69) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.087 | ||||||
| <25 | 173(28) | 38(31) | 42(34) | 32(26) | 27(22) | 34(28) | |
| 25–29 | 252(41) | 50(40) | 50(41) | 52(42) | 53(43) | 47(39) | |
| ≥30 | 190(31) | 36(29) | 30(25) | 40(32) | 43(35) | 41(34) | |
| Self-rated health: Fair, Poor* | 73(12) | 16(13) | 6(5) | 20(16) | 18(15) | 13(11) | 0.038 |
| Heart disease | 283(46) | 54(44) | 62(50) | 50(40) | 59(48) | 58(47) | 0.776 |
| Diabetes | 107(17) | 24(19) | 21(17) | 21(17) | 26(21) | 15(12) | 0.329 |
| Stroke | 60(10) | 7(6) | 15(12) | 8(6) | 9(7) | 21(17) | 0.035 |
| Depressive symptoms | 54(9) | 10(8) | 9(8) | 11(9) | 12(10) | 12(10) | 0.499 |
| Knee pain | 164(27) | 32(26) | 24(21) | 37(30) | 37(30) | 34(28) | 0.322 |
| Back pain | 166(27) | 45(36) | 23(19) | 30(25) | 37(30) | 31(26) | 0.369 |
| Tinetti FES < 90** | 80(13) | 16(13) | 14(12) | 16(13) | 14(11) | 20(16) | 0.527 |
Quintile 1 refers to the participants whose KI fell in the lowest 20% of our population, and Quintile 5 refers to the participants with the highest KI's. The highest KI scores for Quintiles 1–4 were: Q1 – 8.187; Q2 – 9.783; Q3 – 11.278; Q4 – 13.105.
Percentages were based on non-missing data. No single variable had more than 2% data missing in the overall population.
Percentages within KI quintiles were based on totals within KI quintiles for each variable.
*
Self-rated health was rated on a scale of 1–5 with Excellent = 1 and Poor = 5.
**
The Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) is graded on a scale of 0–100; fallers are more likely to score less than 90.