Appendix 3b.
Complete OLS Regression Results for Math in the U.S.
| Math, KF | Math, 5S | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COEFFICIENT | Full Sample1 | Full Sample2 | Poverty | Non-Poverty | Full Sample1 | Full Sample2 | Poverty | Non-Poverty |
| Child Care (ref: parental care) | ||||||||
| Relative/non-relative care | 0.10*** (0.03) | 0.08** (0.02) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.07** (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Head start | -0.23*** (0.03) | -0.07* (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) | -0.11** (0.04) | -0.29*** (0.04) | -0.13** (0.04) | -0.10 (0.06) | -0.14** (0.05) |
| Center-based | 0.39*** (0.02) | 0.23*** (0.02) | 0.22*** (0.05) | 0.22*** (0.02) | 0.20*** (0.03) | 0.11*** (0.02) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.12*** (0.03) |
| Poverty, KF | -0.53*** (0.02) | -0.18*** (0.02) | -0.42*** (0.03) | -0.14*** (0.03) | ||||
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Girl | 0.04** (0.01) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.05** (0.01) | -0.17*** (0.02) | -0.16*** (0.05) | -0.17*** (0.02) | ||
| Race (ref: White) | ||||||||
| Black | -0.19*** (0.02) | -0.19*** (0.04) | -0.19*** (0.03) | -0.36*** (0.03) | -0.30*** (0.05) | -0.38*** (0.03) | ||
| Hispanic | -0.19*** (0.03) | -0.20** (0.06) | -0.19*** (0.03) | -0.13*** (0.03) | -0.06 (0.08) | -0.14*** (0.03) | ||
| Asian | 0.22*** (0.04) | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.25*** (0.04) | 0.22*** (0.05) | 0.38** (0.14) | 0.20*** (0.05) | ||
| Others | -0.21*** (0.03) | -0.38*** (0.06) | -0.13*** (0.04) | -0.21*** (0.04) | -0.27** (0.10) | -0.17*** (0.04) | ||
| Age, KF/5S | 0.06*** (0.00) | 0.05*** (0.00) | 0.06*** (0.00) | 0.00** (0.00) | -0.00 (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | ||
| Low birth weight (< 5.5pounds), KF | -0.19*** (0.03) | -0.17** (0.05) | -0.19*** (0.03) | -0.12*** (0.03) | -0.06 (0.08) | -0.14*** (0.04) | ||
| Sibling, KF/5S | -0.05*** (0.01) | -0.05*** (0.01) | -0.05*** (0.01) | -0.01 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.02) | -0.01 (0.01) | ||
| Family Structure (ref: Bio-two parents), KF/5S | ||||||||
| Blend families-step parents | -0.16*** (0.03) | -0.11 (0.07) | -0.15*** (0.03) | -0.13*** (0.03) | -0.03 (0.07) | -0.14*** (0.04) | ||
| Single parent | -0.16*** (0.02) | -0.08+ (0.04) | -0.18*** (0.02) | -0.12*** (0.03) | -0.05 (0.05) | -0.13*** (0.03) | ||
| Any adopted or others | -0.24*** (0.04) | -0.08 (0.08) | -0.28*** (0.05) | -0.18*** (0.05) | 0.02 (0.09) | -0.24*** (0.06) | ||
| Mother's Education (ref: Less than HS), KF/5S | ||||||||
| HS or GED | 0.21*** (0.03) | 0.13** (0.04) | 0.27*** (0.03) | 0.24*** (0.04) | 0.21*** (0.06) | 0.25*** (0.05) | ||
| Some college or voc | 0.39*** (0.03) | 0.36*** (0.05) | 0.43*** (0.03) | 0.36*** (0.04) | 0.36*** (0.07) | 0.36*** (0.05) | ||
| College degree or higher | 0.69*** (0.03) | 0.68*** (0.10) | 0.73*** (0.03) | 0.66*** (0.04) | 0.70*** (0.11) | 0.66*** (0.05) | ||
| Mother's Employment(ref: Not working now), KF/5S | ||||||||
| Full time (> 35hrs per week) | 0.07*** (0.02) | 0.05 (0.04) | -0.10*** (0.02) | -0.03 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.06) | -0.05 (0.03) | ||
| Part time (<35hrs per week) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.05) | -0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.16* (0.07) | 0.01 (0.03) | ||
| Mom language, KF | -0.11*** (0.03) | -0.12* (0.06) | -0.10*** (0.03) | -0.05+ (0.03) | -0.12 (0.08) | -0.04 (0.04) | ||
| Parents immigration | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.13* (0.06) | -0.00 (0.03) | 0.11*** (0.03) | 0.18* (0.09) | 0.10** (0.03) | ||
| Read to child, KF | 0.09*** (0.01) | 0.07*** (0.02) | 0.09*** (0.01) | 0.05*** (0.01) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.06*** (0.01) | ||
| Region(ref: South), KF/5S | ||||||||
| Northeast | 0.02 (0.02) | -0.01 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.06) | -0.01 (0.03) | ||
| Midwest | 0.01 (0.02) | -0.01 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.02) | ||
| West | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.11** (0.05) | 0.07** (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.03) | 0.13** (0.07) | 0.03 (0.03) | ||
| Private, KF/5S | 0.20*** (0.02) | 0.31*** (0.07) | 0.19*** (0.02) | -0.04+ (0.02) | 0.07 (0.11) | -0.05** (0.02) | ||
| Constant | 0.01 (0.02) | -4.41*** (0.12) | -4.16*** (0.28) | -4.53*** (0.13) | 0.05** (0.02) | -0.90*** (0.22) | -0.49 (0.54) | -1.07*** (0.24) |
| Observations | 15857 | 15857 | 2814 | 13043 | 15857 | 15857 | 2814 | 13043 |
| R-squared | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
Standard errors in parentheses
**
p<0.01
*
p<0.05
+
p<0.1