Table 2.
CSFII | NHANES | NHANES | NHANES | NHANES | p for trend | P for interaction | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1994–1998
|
2003–2004
|
2005–2006
|
2007–2008
|
2009–2010
|
|||
N= 8797 | N= 3535 | N= 3741 | N= 2953 | N= 3077 | |||
SoFAS, % kcal/dayb | |||||||
Total | 38.9 ± 0.2 | 37.3 ± 0.6 | 36.4 ± 0.3 | 35.0 ± 0.3 | 33.4 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | - |
Store | 38.3 ± 0.3y | 38.1 ± 0.7x | 36.1 ± 0.5y | 35.5 ± 0.5y | 33.2 ± 0.4x | <0.001 | ref |
School | 38.7 ± 0.5y | 33.9 ± 1.1y | 35.8 ± 0.8y | 32.2 ± 0.7z | 31.2 ± 0.8y | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Fast food | 43.3 ± 0.6x | 37.9 ± 0.7x | 39.1 ± 0.6x | 37.2 ± 0.6x | 34.6 ± 1.0xy | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Added sugar, % kcal/day | |||||||
Total | 17.7 ± 0.2 | 17.1 ± 0.5 | 15.8 ± 0.3 | 15.1 ± 0.3 | 14.1 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 | - |
Store | 19.3 ± 0.3x | 20.0 ± 0.7x | 17.7 ± 0.5x | 17.2 ± 0.5x | 15.6 ± 0.5x | <0.001 | ref |
School | 13.3 ± 0.6z | 12.0 ± 1.0y | 12.9 ± 0.8y | 10.9 ± 0.5y | 10.4 ± 0.6y | <0.001 | 0.5 |
Fast food | 15.8 ± 0.7y | 11.7 ± 0.7y | 12.3 ± 0.9y | 12.1 ± 0.7y | 10.7 ± 1.1y | <0.001 | 0.2 |
Solid fat, % kcal/day | |||||||
Total | 21.1 ± 0.2 | 20.1 ± 0.3 | 20.6 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.3 | 19.3 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 | - |
Store | 18.9 ± 0.2z | 18.1 ± 0.4z | 18.4 ± 0.2z | 18.3 ± 0.3z | 17.6 ± 0.3z | <0.001 | ref |
School | 25.4 ± 0.3y | 22.0 ± 0.7y | 22.9 ± 0.5y | 21.3 ± 0.5y | 20.9 ± 0.6y | <0.001 | <0.0001 |
Fast food | 27.5 ± 0.4x | 26.2 ± 0.5x | 26.7 ± 0.8x | 25.1 ± 0.7x | 23.9 ± 0.7x | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Total energy, per capita (kcal/day)c | |||||||
Total | 2005 ± 24 | 2118 ± 23 | 2026 ± 34 | 1907 ± 25 | 1907 ± 25 | 0.003 | - |
Store | 1365 ± 25x | 1407 ± 34x | 1326 ± 25x | 1242 ± 21x | 1310 ± 20x | 0.005 | ref |
School | 175 ± 7z | 150 ± 20z | 133 ± 12z | 162 ± 19z | 162 ± 19y | 0.2 | 0.07 |
Fast food | 216 ± 8y | 316 ± 21y | 287 ± 18y | 240 ± 16y | 207 ± 9y | 0.4 | 0.007 |
Total energy, per consumer (kcal/day)d | |||||||
Store | 1395 ± 24x | 1426 ± 33x | 1341 ± 26x | 1260 ± 21x | 1324 ± 20x | 0.001 | ref |
School | 654 ± 13z | 675 ± 31z | 628 ± 21z | 650 ± 31y | 670 ± 23y | 0.9 | 0.007 |
Fast food | 746 ± 17y | 825 ± 25y | 792 ± 24y | 735 ± 32y | 655 ± 13y | 0.02 | 0.3 |
Note: Boldface indicates significance.
Data for children aged 2–18 years. Values are M± SE and take into account survey design and sample weights. Mean percentages are calculated as means of per-person ratios. Linear trends were significant at p<0.05, and test of interactions with p<0.1 indicated that linear trends for schools or fast-food restaurants were significantly different from linear trends for stores.
Percentage of energy intake per day (% kcal/day) from a given location that was provided by SoFAS among consumers at that location.
Mean total energy intake per capita consumed from each location, including consumers and nonconsumers.
Mean total energy intake consumed from each location among store food consumers, school food consumers, and fast-food consumers.
Means for stores, schools, and fast-food restaurants were compared for the specified survey year using pairwise t-tests with p<0.05/3, which includes Bonferroni correction, considered significant. Within columns for each nutrient, values with a common letter are not significantly different.
CSFII, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; kcal/d, kilocalories per day; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SoFAS, total energy from solid fat and added sugar