. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2013 Nov;45(5):10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.013. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.013

Table 2.

SoFAS content of foods consumed by children from stores, schools, and fast food restaurants^a

	CSFII	NHANES	NHANES	NHANES	NHANES	p for trend	P for interaction
	1994–1998	2003–2004	2005–2006	2007–2008	2009–2010
	N= 8797	N= 3535	N= 3741	N= 2953	N= 3077
SoFAS, % kcal/day^b
Total	38.9 ± 0.2	37.3 ± 0.6	36.4 ± 0.3	35.0 ± 0.3	33.4 ± 0.3	<0.0001	-
Store	38.3 ± 0.3^y	38.1 ± 0.7^x	36.1 ± 0.5^y	35.5 ± 0.5^y	33.2 ± 0.4^x	<0.001	ref
School	38.7 ± 0.5^y	33.9 ± 1.1^y	35.8 ± 0.8^y	32.2 ± 0.7^z	31.2 ± 0.8^y	<0.001	<0.001
Fast food	43.3 ± 0.6^x	37.9 ± 0.7^x	39.1 ± 0.6^x	37.2 ± 0.6^x	34.6 ± 1.0^xy	<0.001	<0.001
Added sugar, % kcal/day
Total	17.7 ± 0.2	17.1 ± 0.5	15.8 ± 0.3	15.1 ± 0.3	14.1 ± 0.4	<0.0001	-
Store	19.3 ± 0.3^x	20.0 ± 0.7^x	17.7 ± 0.5^x	17.2 ± 0.5^x	15.6 ± 0.5^x	<0.001	ref
School	13.3 ± 0.6^z	12.0 ± 1.0^y	12.9 ± 0.8^y	10.9 ± 0.5^y	10.4 ± 0.6^y	<0.001	0.5
Fast food	15.8 ± 0.7^y	11.7 ± 0.7^y	12.3 ± 0.9^y	12.1 ± 0.7^y	10.7 ± 1.1^y	<0.001	0.2
Solid fat, % kcal/day
Total	21.1 ± 0.2	20.1 ± 0.3	20.6 ± 0.2	19.8 ± 0.3	19.3 ± 0.2	<0.0001	-
Store	18.9 ± 0.2^z	18.1 ± 0.4^z	18.4 ± 0.2^z	18.3 ± 0.3^z	17.6 ± 0.3^z	<0.001	ref
School	25.4 ± 0.3^y	22.0 ± 0.7^y	22.9 ± 0.5^y	21.3 ± 0.5^y	20.9 ± 0.6^y	<0.001	<0.0001
Fast food	27.5 ± 0.4^x	26.2 ± 0.5^x	26.7 ± 0.8^x	25.1 ± 0.7^x	23.9 ± 0.7^x	<0.001	0.01
Total energy, per capita (kcal/day)^c
Total	2005 ± 24	2118 ± 23	2026 ± 34	1907 ± 25	1907 ± 25	0.003	-
Store	1365 ± 25^x	1407 ± 34^x	1326 ± 25^x	1242 ± 21^x	1310 ± 20^x	0.005	ref
School	175 ± 7^z	150 ± 20^z	133 ± 12^z	162 ± 19^z	162 ± 19^y	0.2	0.07
Fast food	216 ± 8^y	316 ± 21^y	287 ± 18^y	240 ± 16^y	207 ± 9^y	0.4	0.007
Total energy, per consumer (kcal/day)^d
Store	1395 ± 24^x	1426 ± 33^x	1341 ± 26^x	1260 ± 21^x	1324 ± 20^x	0.001	ref
School	654 ± 13^z	675 ± 31^z	628 ± 21^z	650 ± 31^y	670 ± 23^y	0.9	0.007
Fast food	746 ± 17^y	825 ± 25^y	792 ± 24^y	735 ± 32^y	655 ± 13^y	0.02	0.3

Note: Boldface indicates significance.

Data for children aged 2–18 years. Values are M± SE and take into account survey design and sample weights. Mean percentages are calculated as means of per-person ratios. Linear trends were significant at p<0.05, and test of interactions with p<0.1 indicated that linear trends for schools or fast-food restaurants were significantly different from linear trends for stores.

Percentage of energy intake per day (% kcal/day) from a given location that was provided by SoFAS among consumers at that location.

Mean total energy intake per capita consumed from each location, including consumers and nonconsumers.

Mean total energy intake consumed from each location among store food consumers, school food consumers, and fast-food consumers.

^{x, y, z}

Means for stores, schools, and fast-food restaurants were compared for the specified survey year using pairwise t-tests with p<0.05/3, which includes Bonferroni correction, considered significant. Within columns for each nutrient, values with a common letter are not significantly different.

CSFII, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; kcal/d, kilocalories per day; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SoFAS, total energy from solid fat and added sugar