Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants and nonparticipants
| Trial participants |
t-test of (1) vs (2) (p- value) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonparticipants | All |
Control group |
Treatment group |
||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Panel A. Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Male | 0.926 (0.262) | 0.872 (0.334) | 0.868 (0.341) | 0.875 (0.332) | 0.001 |
| Age | 45.21 (15.06) | 51.06 (13.86) | 51.07 (14.04) | 51.05 (13.82) | < 0.001 |
| Monthly household income, in $100s | 3.838 (4.971) | 3.513 (2.809) | 4.011 (5.805) | ||
| Education, years | |||||
| 0–3 | 0.469 (0.500) | 0.485 (0.503) | 0.461 (0.500) | ||
| 4–6 | 0.260 (0.440) | 0.324 (0.471) | 0.227 (0.420) | ||
| 7+ | 0.270 (0.445) | 0.191 (0.396) | 0.312 (0.465) | ||
| Currently married | 0.791 (0.408) | 0.794 (0.407) | 0.789 (0.410) | ||
| Buddhist vs Muslim | 0.689 (0.464) | 0.691 (0.465) | 0.688 (0.465) | ||
| Works in agriculture | 0.633 (0.483) | 0.603 (0.493) | 0.648 (0.479) | ||
| Self-rated health is good to excellent vs fair to poor | 0.296 (0.458) | 0.324 (0.471) | 0.281 (0.451) | ||
| Panel B. Smoking characteristics | |||||
| Average number of cigarettes smoked per day | 13.86 (7.407) | 12.79 (9.785) | 14.24 (11.15) | 12.02 (8.926) | 0.077 |
| Type of tobacco used | |||||
| Manufactured cigs. only | 0.301 (0.459) | 0.301 (0.460) | 0.294 (0.459) | 0.305 (0.462) | 0.634 |
| Handrolled cigarettes only | 0.585 (0.493) | 0.480 (0.501) | 0.485 (0.503) | 0.477 (0.501) | 0.010 |
| Both handrolled and manufactured cigs. | 0.114 (0.317) | 0.219 (0.415) | 0.221 (0.418) | 0.219 (0.415) | < 0.001 |
| Number of years since initiated smoking | 20.49 (13.28) | 31.31 (14.87) | 31.93 (14.47) | 30.98 (15.12) | < 0.001 |
| Number of past quit attempts | 2.676 (2.728) | 2.824 (2.938) | 2.598 (2.617) | ||
| Prediction of Pr(Quit) in 3 months | 0.796 (0.208) | 0.7.99 (0.193) | 0.795 (0.217) | ||
| Planning to quit smoking within 6 months vs not | 0.196 (0.397) | 0.821 (0.384) | 0.853 (0.357) | 0.805 (0.398) | < 0.001 |
| Belief that quitting is very important vs not | 0.765 (0.425) | 0.735 (0.444) | 0.781 (0.415) | ||
| Number of other adult smokers in the household | 0.658 (1.033) | 0.632 (1.196) | 0.672 (0.940) | ||
| All of person’s 5 best friends are smokers | 0.515 (0.501) | 0.574 (0.498) | 0.484 (0.502) | ||
| Panel C. Trial characteristics | |||||
| Preselected teammate vs randomly assigned | 0.158 (0.366) | 0.265 (0.444) | 0.102 (0.303) | ||
| N | 1145 | 196 | 128 | 68 | |
Mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) of each variable are reported. The p-values in Column (5) derive from two-sided t-tests of the difference in means between the indicated columns. Only a subset of variables were collected in the census of nonparticipants, i.e., those smokers living in the study area who did not enroll in the trial.