Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics by Race/Ethnicity

Variable	All	East Asian	Other Asian	White	Black	Hispanic
	Mean or proportion (SD)	Mean or proportion (SD)	Mean or proportion (SD)	Mean or proportion (SD)	Mean or proportion (SD)	Mean or proportion (SD)
SAT Scorea	1009.12 (3.01)	1138.31 (11.52)	997.74 (12.40)	1045.14 (3.34)	833.04 (6.91)	896.19 (9.30)
Shadow education
Commercial test preparation course	.12	.30	.15	.10	.16	.11
Private one-to-one tutoring	.09	.11	.07	.07	.17	.07
Prior achievement	51.96 (.12)	55.61 (.67)	50.45 (.59)	54.11 (.14)	45.30 (.29)	46.62 (.31)
SES	.09 (.01)	.31 (.04)	-.01 (.04)	.23 (.01)	-.19 (.02)	-.41 (.02)
Generation
1st	.06	.26	.34	.01	.02	.23
2nd	.11	.37	.41	.05	.07	.35
3rd	.71	.20	.12	.84	.75	.29
(Missing)	.11	.17	.14	.10	.15	.12
Two-parent family	.77	.84	.83	.82	.52	.73
Number of siblings	2.19 (.02)	1.82 (.07)	2.36 (.09)	2.06 (.02)	2.57 (.05)	2.53 (.05)
(Missing)	.15	.22	.26	.13	.24	.16
Parental educational expectations
Some college or less	.11	.08	.09	.12	.08	.11
Bachelor’s degree	.45	.38	.39	.48	.36	.42
Advanced degree	.44	.54	.52	.40	.56	.46
Female	.50	.49	.44	.50	.52	.53
Region
Northeast	.19	.13	.18	.21	.15	.12
Midwest	.26	.17	.16	.31	.16	.14
West	.20	.55	.44	.15	.07	.45
South	.35	.15	.23	.33	.62	.30
Urbanicity
Urban	.27	.31	.47	.19	.46	.42
Suburban	.52	.58	.45	.55	.42	.48
Rural	.21	.11	.09	.26	.12	.10
Unweighted N	9,760 (100.0%)	560 (5.7%)	650 (6.7%)	6,190 (63.4%)	1,150 (11.8%)	1,210 (12.4%)

^aDescriptive statistics for the SAT score include only those students who had valid information about their SAT score (n = 7,020).