. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 23.

Published in final edited form as: Sociol Educ. 2012 Jan;85(1):40–60. doi: 10.1177/0038040711417009

Table 6.

Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Relationship between the Two Forms of SAT Coaching and SAT Scores: OLS Results

	East Asian	Other Asian	White	Black	Hispanic

	Coef. (Robust Std. Err.)	Coef. (Robust Std. Err.)	Coef. (Robust Std. Err.)	Coef. (Robust Std. Err.)	Coef. (Robust Std. Err.)
Shadow education
Commercial SAT test preparation course	68.835 ^*** (15.186)	23.842 ^‡ (21.760)	12.286 ^†^‡ (6.279)	14.987 ^‡ (9.865)	24.625 ^‡ (15.638)
Private SAT one-to-one tutoring	13.402 (15.832)	2.170 (24.426)	9.266 (7.528)	-7.501 (11.436)	12.145 (21.672)
Unweighted N	430	440	4,780	750	620
R²	.645	.649	.664	.630	.654

Note: Model includes controls for prior achievement, SES, immigrant generation, two-parent status, number of siblings, parental educational expectations, gender, region, and urbancity.

^‡

denotes significant differences from East Asian American students under the p<.10

^***

p<.001,

^**

p<.01,

p<.05,

^†

p<.10 (two-tailed tests)