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. 2013 Oct 18;15(10):e232. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2943

Table 1.

User statistics of all participants and the two subgroups.


All Participants,
n=80
Participants with good DSa performance,
n=70
Participants with poor DS performance,
n=10
Significance of group difference
Young (<40 years), n 26 26 0
Older (>50 years), without cognitive impairment (MoCAb≥26), n 44 38 6
Older (>50 years), with cognitive impairment (MoCA<26), n 10 6 4
MoCA, score (SD) 28.2 (2.9) 28.5 (2.8) 26.2 (3.1) U 70,10=179.00, P=.004
TMTc A, seconds (SD) 28.0 (14.4) 26.9 (14.2) 35.7 (14.1) U 68,9=535.00, P<.001
TMT B, seconds (SD) [30] 71.6 (52.5) 68.8 (53.2) 91.2 (45.7) U 68,9=479.00, P=.003
CDT, score (SD) 6.2 (1.9) 6.5 (1.6) 4.3 (3.1) U 70,10=170.00, P<.001
Timed-up-and-go-test, seconds (SD) 6.9 (3.2) 6.8 (2.9) 7.5 (4.7) U 63,8=420.50, P=.001

aDS: driving simulator

bMoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment

cTMT: trail making test (A and B)

dCDT: clock drawing test