Fig. 1.

Effects of Pi deprivation in Nicotiana alata. Young plants were hydroponically cultivated and subjected to Pi deficit for 14 d. Typical responses from Pi-starved plants (Pi-) compared with Pi-supplied plants (Pi+) confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment. (A) General growth of aerial part. Scale bar = 5 cm. (B) General root growth and dark red staining of roots, denoting anthocyanin accumulation. Scale bar = 2 cm. (C) Root hair density and morphology. Scale bar = 0·3 mm. (D) Protein content in root homogenates. Values are the mean ± s.e.m. of five independent experiments. Data were statistically analysed using the t-test. ***P < 0·001. (E) RT-PCR amplification from roots using specific primers for S-like RNase NE.