Table 3. Comparison of results of vertical rectus muscle transposition with posterior augmentation and superior rectus muscle transposition, combined with medial rectus muscle recession for treatment of type 1 Duane syndrome and sixth nerve palsy.

	Duane syndrome								Sixth Nerve Palsy
	SRT+MRc surgery		VRT surgery with posterior augmentation						SRT+MRc surgery		VRT surgery with posterior augmentation
	Mehendale et al17 (n=10)		Rosenbaum et al1 (n=42)		Yazdian et al12 (n=38)		Akar et al (n=40)		Mehendale et al17 (n=7)		Foster et al7 (n=7)a		Yazdian et al12 (n=24)		Akar et al (n=47)
	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op	Pre-op	Post-op
AHP (mean, deg)	24	3	21	4	38	12	27.5	3.8	36	5	NR	NR	24	7	25	1.8
Esotropia (mean, pd)	37	10	20	5	32	9	32	2.1	53.5	16.8	58	3.6	44.7	12.5	42.2	0.9
Abduction (mean, (post-op. change (%)))	−4	−2 (50)	−3.9	−2.8 (28)	−4	−2 (50)	−3.8	−2.2 (42)	−4.8	−3.0	−5.5	−3.6	−4.2	−2.3	−3.9	−1.6 (59)
Induced vertical dev. (no. of pat. (%))	—	0 (0)	—	1 (2)	—	3 (8)b	—	4 (10)c	—	2 (29)	—	NR	—	0 (0)	—	3 (6)c
MR recession surgery (no. of pat. (%))d		10 (100)	—	6 (14)	—	9 (24)	—	6 (15)	—	7 (100)	—	2 (29)	—	6 (25)	—	10 (21)
Follow-up (months)	—	8	—	12	—	18		38	—	10		12	—	18	—	37

Abbreviations: AHP, abnormal head posture; deg, degree; dev, deviation; MR, medial rectus muscle; MRc, medial rectus muscle recession; pat, patients; pd, prism diopter; postop, postoperative; pre-op, preoperative; SRT, superior rectus muscle transposition; VRT, vertical rectus muscle transposition.

^aIn Foster's study, 7 eyes of the 21 patients who underwent VRT surgery with posterior augmentation had unilateral sixth nerve palsy.

^bTwo of the three patients underwent vertical muscle surgery.

^cAll patients had ≤4 pd angle-induced vertical deviation, but none required vertical muscle surgery.

^dIpsilateral or contralateral medial rectus recession surgery.