FIG. 5.

dsAAV8mIP-IL2 prevents diabetes in NOD mice at late preclinical stages. A: Ten- to 12-week-old NOD female mice were treated with 2.5 × 10¹⁰ VPs (n = 9) or 1 × 10¹⁰ VPs (n = 8) of dsAAV8mIP-IL2, 2.5 × 10¹⁰ VPs of dsAAV8mIP-EGFP (n = 10), or left untreated (n = 22) and monitored for diabetes. *P < 0.05, ***P < 10⁻³, Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. B: Fifteen- to 16-week-old NOD females were treated with 2.5 × 10¹⁰ VPs (n = 5) dsAAV8mIP-IL2 or were left untreated (n = 5) and monitored for diabetes as in A. *P < 0.05, Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. C: At 35 weeks of age, the frequency of Foxp3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells in the islets and PLNs of NOD mice from A. *P < 0.05, ***P < 10⁻³, two-way ANOVA ± SEM. D: Islet Foxp3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells were assessed for CD62L expression. *P < 0.05, ***P < 10⁻³, one-way ANOVA ± SEM. E: The ratio of IFN-γ⁺ Teffs to Foxp3⁺Tregs was compared between treatment groups in the PLNs and islets. *P < 0.05, **P < 10⁻², two-way ANOVA ± SEM.