Table 3.

Least square means^a (+/– s.e.m.) of total and LDL-cholesterol by genotype among controls

	Homozygous (major allele)	Heterozygous	Homozygous (minor allele)	P-valueb
rs10498676 (ELOVL2)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	210.07 ± 1.40	208.90 ± 1.71	210.07 ± 4.10	0.71
NHS (n = 797)	224.92 ± 1.76	227.60 ± 2.51	242.50 ± 8.18	0.09
HPFS (n = 860)	202.27 ± 1.53	202.09 ± 2.20	208.06 ± 6.01	0.63
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	129.45 ± 1.26	127.92 ± 1.54	127.71 ± 3.70	0.41
NHS (n = 797)	133.42 ± 1.65	136.80 ± 2.35	146.79 ± 7.65	0.14
HPFS (n = 860)	125.98 ± 1.33	125.55 ± 1.90	131.63 ± 5.21	0.54
rs3734397 (ELOVL2)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	210.00 ± 1.31	208.50 ± 1.87	212.58 ± 5.30	0.80
NHS (n = 797)	227.66 ± 1.85	224.62 ± 2.38	222.01 ± 6.46	0.48
HPFS (n = 860)	201.38 ± 1.60	204.74 ± 2.07	199.49 ± 5.04	0.37
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	128.90 ± 1.18	127.93 ± 1.70	134.03 ± 4.89	0.85
NHS (n = 797)	135.66 ± 1.73	133.90 ± 2.23	133.00 ± 6.04	0.78
HPFS (n = 860)	125.44 ± 1.39	127.51 ± 1.80	124.02 ± 4.37	0.59
rs17239120 (ELOVL4)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	209.61 ± 1.21	209.97 ± 2.39	205.32 ± 10.77	0.98
NHS (n = 797)	225.58 ± 1.53	229.54 ± 3.97	250.44 ± 15.16	0.18
HPFS (n = 860)	202.61 ± 1.31	201.59 ± 3.61	192.40 ± 20.81	0.86
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	128.39 ± 1.09	130.51 ± 2.14	130.30 ± 9.37	0.37
NHS (n = 797)	134.41 ± 1.43	137.31 ± 3.72	148.62 ± 14.19	0.48
HPFS (n = 860)	125.78 ± 1.14	128.42 ± 3.13	123.50 ± 18.04	0.72
rs17544464 (ELOVL5)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	209.54 ± 1.31	209.02 ± 1.91	215.33 ± 4.73	0.57
NHS (n = 797)	225.78 ± 1.51	230.36 ± 4.33	235.71 ± 28.40	0.58
HPFS (n = 860)	202.95 ± 1.31	198.75 ± 3.61	198.57 ± 25.47	0.54
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	128.90 ± 1.18	127.42 ± 1.72	136.63 ± 4.38	0.61
NHS (n = 797)	134.43 ± 1.41	138.41 ± 4.05	151.65 ± 26.54	0.53
HPFS (n = 860)	126.43 ± 1.13	123.24 ± 3.13	137.02 ± 22.08	0.56
rs2115564 (ELOVL5)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	207.62 ± 2.04	208.68 ± 1.47	213.661 ± 2.04	0.40
NHS (n = 797)	223.99 ± 2.62	226.39 ± 2.04	229.22 ± 3.04	0.43
HPFS (n = 860)	204.12 ± 2.37	201.11 ± 1.69	203.74 ± 2.73	0.51
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	126.71 ± 1.85	127.47 ± 1.32	133.59 ± 1.85	0.29
NHS (n = 797)	132.97 ± 2.45	135.11 ± 1.91	137.05 ± 2.84	0.55
HPFS (n = 860)	125.22 ± 2.05	126.22 ± 1.47	126.89 ± 2.37	0.40
rs2294867 (ELOVL5)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	204.84 ± 1.79	210.83 ± 1.50	214.94 ± 2.31	0.0002
NHS (n = 797)	222.80 ± 2.22	229.71 ± 2.09	225.16 ± 3.97	0.07
HPFS (n = 860)	204.04 ± 1.97	201.33 ± 1.76	201.89 ± 3.53	0.58
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	124.85 ± 1.61	128.81 ± 1.35	135.60 ± 2.09	< 0.0001
NHS (n = 797)	132.91 ± 2.08	136.86 ± 1.95	134.21 ± 3.71	0.37
HPFS (n = 860)	125.83 ± 1.71	126.77 ± 1.52	124.12 ± 3.06	0.73
rs761179 (ELOVL5)
Total cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1788)	207.49 ± 1.41	211.38 ± 1.67	217.37 ± 3.84	0.005
NHS (n = 797)	224.92 ± 2.15	226.74 ± 2.15	229.61 ± 4.04	0.57
HPFS (n = 860)	203.15 ± 1.89	201.40 ± 1.80	204.29 ± 3.74	0.70
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
Costa Rica Study (n = 1645)	127.05 ± 1.28	129.86 ± 1.51	136.67 ± 3.47	0.008
NHS (n = 797)	134.49 ± 2.01	134.56 ± 2.01	137.57 ± 3.77	0.75
HPFS (n = 860)	125.34 ± 1.64	126.59 ± 1.56	126.79 ± 3.25	0.84

Abbreviations: HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.

^aModels fit to the Costa Rican data were adjusted for age, sex, residence, and ancestry. Models fit to the NHS and the HPFS data were adjusted for sex (by restriction) and age.

^bUnadjusted for multiple comparisons.