Table 5.
Effect of nurse absenteeism on Health Outcomes: interactions with beliefs about HIV Status
Delivered at hospital or health center | Number of times visited clinic for this pregnancy |
Given any medication to prevent Mother to child HIV transmission |
Breastfed baby | Enrolled in Ampath Treatment Program | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | (18) | (19) | (20) | |
PMTCT Nurse Present | 0.266 | 0.246 | 0.234 | 0.257 | 0.026 | −0.150 | −0.158 | 0.025 | 0.086 | 0.074 | 0.076 | 0.081 | −0.090 | −0.089 | −0.102 | −0.085 | 0.111 | 0.098 | 0.111 | 0.107 |
(0.099)** | (0.117)* | (0.122)+ | (0.100)* | (0.735) | (0.710) | (0.755) | (0.736) | (0.026)** | (0.028)** | (0.031)* | (0.026)** | (0.025)** | (0.024)** | (0.027)** | (0.025)** | (0.029)** | (0.030)** | (0.033)** | (0.029)** | |
Low prior HIV +ve | 0.246 | 0.216 | 0.204 | 0.248 | −0.151 | −0.282 | −0.289 | −0.154 | 0.045 | 0.051 | 0.052 | 0.045 | −0.050 | −0.062 | −0.074 | −0.050 | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.023 | 0.019 |
(0.122)* | (0.136) | (0.138) | (0.123)* | (0.777) | (0.761) | (0.792) | (0.780) | (0.036) | (0.038) | (0.032) | (0.036) | (0.045) | (0.049) | (0.054) | (0.045) | (0.021) | (0.029) | (0.033) | (0.021) | |
PMTCT Nurse Present * Low prior HIV +ve | −0.193 | −0.148 | −0.138 | −0.182 | 0.029 | 0.149 | 0.155 | 0.018 | −0.053 | −0.049 | −0.051 | −0.047 | 0.099 | 0.103 | 0.115 | 0.094 | −0.097 | −0.076 | −0.088 | −0.092 |
(0.130) | (0.142) | (0.144) | (0.131) | (0.799) | (0.788) | (0.817) | (0.803) | (0.044) | (0.046) | (0.041) | (0.044) | (0.050)* | (0.053)+ | (0.057)* | (0.050)+ | (0.036)** | (0.042)+ | (0.044)* | (0.036)* | |
Constant | 0.097 | 0.127 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 3.432 | 1.879 | 1.849 | 3.382 | −0.009 | −0.292 | −0.286 | −0.024 | 1.011 | 1.355 | 1.303 | 1.028 | 0.009 | −0.348 | −0.297 | −0.006 |
(0.125) | (0.334) | (0.339) | (0.128) | (0.809)** | (1.518) | (1.499) | (0.812)** | (0.051) | (0.127)* | (0.125)* | (0.051) | (0.042)** | (0.123)** | (0.117)** | (0.040)** | (0.039) | (0.135)* | (0.151)+ | (0.037) | |
Visit Date Controls | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Controls | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
SES Index*Present interaction | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
Observations | 576 | 564 | 564 | 564 | 570 | 558 | 558 | 558 | 571 | 559 | 559 | 559 | 576 | 564 | 564 | 564 | 576 | 564 | 564 | 564 |
R-squared | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
Test: Presence no effect on low prior subjects | 0.98 | 2.08 | 1.98 | 1.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.72 | 0.32 |
prob>F | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.57 |
Notes: Standard errors in brackets clustered at the visit date level.
**, * and + indicate statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10 percent level respectively. The dependent variables are defined in Table 1. All specifications include controls for day of the week and date. PMTCT Nurse Present takes value 1 if the PMTCT nurse was present at the ANC clinic on the day of the first visit during a particular pregnancy, 0 otherwise. Visit date controls include the day of the week, day of the month and day of the month squared. Controls include age, age squared, an indicator for primary school completion, married, church attendance, reports boiling water, has permanent roof, location in the district, number of initial livestock holdings, quarter of conception and log distance to the clinic.