Accuracy and robustness of different tracking algorithms. A, Global tracking error for the PVA, winner-take-all (WTA), burst-time decoding (BTD), for a 4° target moving at 24°/s. B, Global tracking error for the three tracking algorithms above, as a function of uncertainty in receptive field center positions. C, Residual tracking error for burst-time decoder, as a function of the number of spikes included per burst. D, Tracking delay for the burst-time decoder, as a function of the number of spikes included per burst. Positive delays indicate extrapolation.