Table 1.
Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in blood serum and CSF of patients with a working clinical diagnosis of evident Lyme neuroborreliosis and suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, or other neurological diseases and in blood donors
| Sample and groupa | Concn (median [range], mean) (pg/ml) of the indicated cytokines/chemokines |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | IL-2 | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-6 | IL-8 | IL-10 | IL-12 | CXCL13 | IFN-γ | TNF-α | |
| Blood | |||||||||||
| LNB | 1.5 (0–12.0), 2.3 | 5.8 (0–39.0), 6.5 | 4.0 (0–161), 12.9 | 5.0 (0–68.2), 8 | 3.0 (1–311), 15.8 | 24.9 (2–7,343), 431.6 | 1.0 (0–4.2), 1.2 | 2.0 (0–8.0), 2.0 | 88.1 (21.2–452), 110 | 4.2 (1.7–17.5), 5.4 | 5.7 (0–33.0), 6.7 |
| sLNB | 1.1 (0–25.9), 2.9 | 6.0 (0–20.0), 6.4 | 4.0 (2–150), 11.4 | 5.0 (0–18.6), 5.5 | 3.0 (1–358), 27.1 | 23.5 (0–3,985), 410.7 | 1.5 (0–6.1), 1.6 | 2.8 (0–34.0), 2.5 | 61.3 (18.0–241), 67 | 4.0 (0–14.0), 4.8 | 6.0 (0–23.0), 6.8 |
| TBE | 1.6 (0–39.7), 3.4 | 6.0 (0–35.0), 6.3 | 4.0 (1.3–7.2), 3.9 | 5.0 (3–15.0), 5.5 | 4.6 (0–25.0), 6.6 | 54.8 (0–4,951), 364 | 2.0 (0–18.0), 2.5 | 2.0 (0–31.0), 3.4 | 85.4 (31.0–173), 87 | 4.0 (0–10.0), 4.5 | 5.0 (0–10.0), 4.8 |
| OND | 0.0 (0–3.0), 0.5 | 3.0 (1.6–16.8), 4.5 | 3.0 (2–68.0), 6.7 | 1.5 (1–8.2), 3.1 | 3.0 (1.7–33.0), 6.1 | 27.2 (8.5–498), 67.5 | 0 (0–2.9), 0.7 | 2.0 (0–3.3), 1.6 | 50.2 (20.0–513), 82 | 4.0 (2.0–9.0), 4.0 | 3.0 (0–14.0), 4.4 |
| BD | 1.4(0–3.0), 1.1 | 2.0 (0–4), 2.2 | 2.0 (0–5.0), 2.3 | 1.0 (0–4.3), 1.2 | 1.7 (0–3.0), 1.6 | 3.0 (1.4–377), 8.6 | 1 (0–18.9), 1.1 | 1.1 (0–3.4), 1.2 | 70.3 (21.0–545), 88 | 3.0 (0–7.0), 3.8 | 1.7 (0–6.0), 2.0 |
| CSF | |||||||||||
| LNB | 1.0 (0–3.0), 0.9 | 2.0 (0–226), 10.2 | 2.9 (0–7.2), 2.9 | 6.9 (0–193), 25.6 | 7.6 (1–247), 27.8 | 97.3 (3.0–1,279), 177 | 3.0 (0–86.0), 12.6 | 2.0 (0–4.2), 1.8 | 113.3 (0.3–963), 275 | 4.5 (0–168), 8.7 | 1.0 (0–3.1), 1.0 |
| sLNB | 0 (0–3.0), 0.6 | 1.5 (0–13.7), 2.4 | 3.1 (0–7.0), 3.1 | 3.5 (0–6.9), 3.2 | 2.4 (1–11.9), 2.9 | 24.1 (3.5–141), 26.8 | 1.0 (0–3.0), 1.0 | 1.2 (0–4.6), 1.4 | 4.9 (0–39.8), 6.3 | 3.5 (0–8.1), 3.7 | 1.0 (0–7.0), 1.0 |
| TBE | 1.2 (0–5.6), 1.3 | 15.8 (0–306), 33.4 | 0 (0–3.9), 1.0 | 5.0 (0–11.6), 4.9 | 638 (4.8–4,442), 976 | 350 (37–1,811), 447 | 2.0 (1–5.2), 2.4 | 2.0 (1–5.2), 2.0 | 14.7 (0–118), 25.7 | 2.0 (0–6.0), 2.5 | 1.0 (0–3.7), 1.1 |
| OND | 0 (0–5.0), 0.6 | 1.8 (1.6–7.9), 3.2 | 2.0 (1–6), 2.7 | 1.0 (1–6.4), 2.5 | 3.1 (1.9–72.0), 6.5 | 24.3 (12–171), 32 | 0 (0–2.0), 0.4 | 1.5 (0–3.0), 1.4 | 8.6 (0–44.9), 12.8 | 3.0 (1.0–6.9), 3.0 | 0.6 (0–2.0), 0 |
a
LNB, working clinical diagnosis of evident Lyme neuroborreliosis; sLNB, working clinical diagnosis of suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis; TBE, tick-borne encephalitis; OND, other neurological diseases; BD, blood donors.