Table 1.
HIV-1mt CA mutants constructed in this study
| Clone designation | CA mutation(s)b | Growth potentialc |
|---|---|---|
| MN4Rh-3a | None (parental clone) | ++ |
| MN4/SD | R98S | +++ |
| MN4/SDQ | R98S, G114Q | +++ |
| MN4/LSDQ | M94L, R98S, G114Q | ++++ |
| Initial screening | ||
| E71D | E71D | ++ |
| R82L | R82L | − |
| RL82LQ | RL82, 83LQ | − |
| T108S | T108S | ++ |
| Q178A | Q178A | ++ |
| P206V | P206V | ++ |
| PD | L6P | − |
| PDQ | L6P, G114Q | − |
| PYD | L6P, Q50Y | + |
| PYDQ | L6P, Q50Y, G114Q | + |
| PYQD | L6P, Q50Y, T54Q | + |
| PYQDQ | L6P, Q50Y, T54Q, G114Q | + |
| GG | LQ6, 7GG | − |
| GG-T117Y | LQ6, 7GG, T117Y | − |
| IGGN | LQGQ6-9IGGN | − |
| IGGN-T117Y | LQGQ6-9IGGN, T117Y | − |
| 5IGGN | NLQGQ5-9IGGN | − |
| YD | Q50Y | − |
| YDQ | Q50Y, G114Q | − |
| YQD | Q50Y, T54Q | − |
| YQDQ | Q50Y, T54Q, G114Q | − |
| IIRDI | MLKET68-72IIRDI | − |
| TDA | ASQ176-178TDA | − |
| VNP | PGA206-208VNP | − |
| Mutants from MN4/SD | ||
| L6I-S | L6I, R98S | ++ |
| YQ-S | Q50Y, T54Q, R98S | − |
| DS | E71D, R98S | +++ |
| SS | R98S, T108S | +++ |
| SA | R98S, Q178A | +++ |
| SV | R98S, P206V | +++ |
| SAV | R98S, Q178A, P206V | +++ |
| DSAV | E71D, R98S, Q178A, P206V | +++ |
| Mutants from MN4/SDQ or MN4/LSDQ | ||
| L6I-LSDQ | L6I, M94L, R98S, G114Q | ++++ |
| YQ-LDQ | Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, G114Q | − |
| YQ-SDQ | Q50Y, T54Q, R98S, G114Q | − |
| YQ-LSDQ | Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| K70R-LSDQ | K70R, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| E71D-LSDQ | E71D, M94L, R98S, G114Q | +++ |
| E79D-LSDQ | E79D, M94L, R98S, G114Q | ++++ |
| R82L-LSDQ | R82L, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| L83Q-LSDQ | L83Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| T108S-LSDQ | M94L, R98S, T108S, G114Q | ++++ |
| E79D-T108S-LSDQ | E79D, M94L, R98S, T108S, G114Q | ++++ |
| E127N-LSDQ | M94L, R98S, G114Q, E127N | +++ |
| I134Q-LSDQ | M94L, R98S, G114Q, I134Q | − |
| LSDQN | M94L, R98S, G114Q, S148N | − |
| I152V-LSDQ | M94L, R98S, G114Q, I152V | +++ |
| LSDQA | M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | ++++ |
| IY-LSDQA | L6I, M10Y, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | ++ |
| YQ-LSDQA | Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| LSDQA-P159S | M94L, R98S, G114Q, P159S, Q178A | +++ |
| L6I-LSDQA | L6I, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | ++++ |
| DLSDQA | E71D, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | +++ |
| L6I-DLSDQA | L6I, E71D, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | +++ |
| LSDQAV | M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A, P206V | ++++ |
| L6I-LSDQAV | L6I, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A, P206V | ++++ |
| YQ-LSDQAV | Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A, P206V | − |
| DLSDQAV | E71D, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A, P206V | +++ |
| L6I-DLSDQAV | L6I, E71D, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A, P206V | +++ |
| Mutants of the β-hairpin domain | ||
| DdN5 | N5 deletion | − |
| DdN5-Y | N5 deletion, T117Y | − |
| SDdN5 | N5 deletion, R98S | − |
| SDdN5-Y | N5 deletion, R98S, T117Y | − |
| DQdN5-Y | N5 deletion, G114Q, T117Y | − |
| SDQdN5 | N5 deletion, R98S, G114Q | − |
| SDQdN5-Y | N5 deletion, R98S, G114Q, T117Y | − |
| LSDQdN5 | N5 deletion, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| LSDQdN5-Y | N5 deletion, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y | − |
| QIG-S | NLQ5-7QIG, R98S | − |
| QIG-SDQ | NLQ5-7QIG, R98S, G114Q | − |
| QIG-LSDQ | NLQ5-7QIG, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| GGN-S | QGQ7-9GGN, R98S | − |
| GGN-LSDQ | QGQ7-9GGN, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| GGN-YQ-LSDQ | QGQ7-9GGN, Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| L6I-YQ-LSDQ | L6I, Q50Y, T54Q, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| IL-LSDQA | L6I, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| IL-Y-LSDQA | L6I, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| IN-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| IN-Y-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| IY-Y-LSDQA | L6I, M10Y, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| INY-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M10Y, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| INY-Y-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M10Y, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| INL-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| INL-Y-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| IYL-LSDQA | L6I, M10Y, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| IYL-Y-LSDQA | L6I, M10Y, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| INYL-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M10Y, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| INYL-Y-LSDQA | L6I, Q9N, M10Y, Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
| Q13L-LSDQ | Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q | − |
| Q13L-Y-LSDQ | Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y | − |
| Q13L-LSDQA | Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, Q178A | − |
| Q13L-Y-LSDQA | Q13L, M94L, R98S, G114Q, T117Y, Q178A | − |
a
MN4Rh-3 CA was constructed by replacing the CypA-binding loop and H6/7L of HIV-1NL4-3 CA with the corresponding regions of SIVmac239 CA and by the additional introduction of a Q110D mutation (Fig. 1) (19, 24).
b
Amino acid number in MN4Rh-3 CA.
c
Viral growth potential in M1.3S cells. ++++, grows similarly to MN4/LSDQ; +++, grows more efficiently than MN4Rh-3; ++, grows similarly to MN4Rh-3; +, grows more poorly than MN4Rh-3; −, undetectable during the observation period.