NnrS protects dehydratases from NO. (A to C) Relative concentrations of citrate (A), cis-aconitate (B), and 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate (C) in the three strains from the metabolomic study in the presence (+NO) or absence (−NO) of DETA-NONOate. (D) Aconitase activity in cell extracts of V. cholerae grown in the presence or absence of DETA-NONOate. The error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni's posttest. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant; nd, not detectable.